Introduction to Cytology and Cells

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the introduction to cytology and cells.

Cytology

The study of cells, including their structure, function, and chemistry.

Histology

The study of tissues, often in a tissue construct.

Microscope

An instrument used to view objects too small to be seen by the naked eye, such as cells.

Hemocytology

The study of blood cells and their physical characteristics.

Cell Staining

A technique used to enhance contrast in microscopic images by applying dyes that target specific cell structures.

Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, such as those found in plants and animals.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simple, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Membrane Fluidity

The ability of the cell membrane to change shape and move, allowing for cellular processes like secretion and endocytosis.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up cell membranes, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct processes, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

Magnification

The process of enlarging the appearance of an object, usually in a microscope.

Resolution

The ability to distinguish two objects that are close together as separate entities.

Histological Techniques

Methods used to prepare and examine tissues under a microscope, including slicing and staining.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue composed of closely packed cells that line surfaces and cavities in the body.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, binds, or separates different types of tissues and organs.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue that is responsible for the movement of the body, consisting of muscle fibers.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue composed of neurons and supporting cells that transmit electrical signals.

Chromatin

The complex of DNA and proteins found in eukaryotic cells, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Cell Membrane

The thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the passage of substances in and out.

Fluid Mosaic Model

A model that describes the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of various components that flow freely.

Staining Techniques

Methods used to enhance visibility of specific cells or cellular components under a microscope.