Historical Development in Science and Technology: Ancient Time

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, civilizations, and technologies from the ancient period based on lecture notes from 'STS Module 2 - A'.

Neolithic Period

The historical era characterized by the development of agriculture, which led to the end of nomadic lifestyles and the foundation of settlements.

Ancient Civilizations

Societies like the Mesopotamian (7000 BCE) and Egyptian (3000 BCE) that emerged from settlements in rich agricultural lands, distinguished by organized governance, bronze and copper tools, and writing systems.

Cuneiform

The system of writing invented by the Mesopotamians, using wedge-like symbols, which marked the start of the ancient period.

Hieroglyphics

The unique coding system of the Egyptians that used figures to represent information.

Iron

A material whose widespread use during the ancient period became primary in agricultural technology and weaponry, leading to increased production, bolstered commerce, and frequently, conflicts.

Greek Civilization

An ancient civilization (1200 BCE) credited for the emergence of philosophy, arts, and other disciplines, with an understanding of the universe governed by principles based on logic, valuing knowledge for its own sake.

Roman Civilization

An ancient civilization (700 BCE) heavily influenced by the Greeks, focusing on practical applications in their intellectual and technological activities, excelling in engineering, architecture (roads, aqueducts, arches), and military technology.

Ancient Period Science Characteristics

Initially tied to religion and traditional beliefs, then evolving to be logical and rational, and eventually practical; it had no clear association with technological development at first.