American Heritage Midterm #1

What did Harrington write?

Common wealth and Oceana

Harrington’s beliefs

Monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy almost always turn into something not good.

Who wrote freedom ways?

Fischer

Puritans

John Winthrop was their leader & wrote the

Civil liberty

Free to do what is right

Virginians

John Smith and John Rolfe

Hegemonic liberty: hierachy. Free to govern yourself and those below you

Quakers

William Pen

Reciprocal liberty: the golden rule

Backcountry

Patrick Henry

Lack of any authority

natural liberty: I can do whatever I want!

Hobbes

Believed men were naturally bad and needed a strong monarch to control.

Men are selfish

freedom=chaos

Rousou

Believed people were naturally good before they were corrupted by society .

noble savage

Locke

Wrote 2nd treatise of government

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2nd treatise of government

1. state of nature: life, liberty, & property
2. social contract to make government
3. governments job is only to protect the rights
4. parliament has to be legit
5. right to revolt

Adam Smith

Philospher that introduced the people to economics

People act out of self-interest

Kimball & Pope reading

Equality

prosperity

community

liberty

Sandel

How do we obtain justice?


1. welfare
2. freedom
3. virtue

The hurricane example in Florida

What does TULIP stand for?

Total Depravity

Unconditioned Election

Limited Atonement

Irresistible Grace

Perseverance of the saint

Roles of money in economy

1. Medium of exchange: Trade w/lots of different people to expand the market
2. Store of value: holds value for indefinite amount of time
3. common measure of value: how much you value these goods in the context of money

Mercantilism/command economy

Government has complete control over trade.

Kings treasure. Only export things no import

Law of demand

As price goes up, demand goes down

Law of supply

Price goes up, supply goes up

opportunity cost

The next best thing

Generality

the laws apply to everyone as they are written

Publicity

Make it known (i.e. speed limit)

Prospectivity

You can’t go back in time and change the current law

Consent

The majority of people should support it (election)

Due process

The laws that are enforced. Protecting the process of things

The predicament cycle

Tyranny→ Revolution→ Anarchy→ Competing Factions

Prisoner’s dilemma

Small scale of people

How do you solve the prisoners dilemma?

Repetition

Reputation

reciprocity

commitment

concern

How do you solve the social dilemma?

1. Political entrepeuners
2. selective incentives
3. shared beliefs/ideologies

classical republicanism

Some people are good, others are corrupt

Ordered liberty

1. collective/public: all about the community
2. Liberties: people can do things based on their status
3. soul: freedom to serve God
4. Freedom from tyranny: wanted legitamacy

Anacylosis

Polybius’ description of failing governments

Plato’s views

Wisdom, temperance, and courage all lead to justice

Greek liberty

Aristotle believed that the essential purpose of human nature is living in communities. Freedom=communal

Roman Constitution

The Res Publica: informal institution of checks and balances

Cincinatus

Maintained his authority to bring Rome through the emergency and then resigned.

Pelaguis

Believed men were generally good and that God gave commandments that were possible for men to fufill

St. Augustine

Believed humans are fundamentally evil and unable to choose good from evil without God’s intervention

Institutional Paternalism

Humans are like little children and always need correction from God’s church

Medieval Institutions

God→ King/warriors (physical protection) →people→church/clergy (spiritual protection)

Medieval government

God is soveriegn but kings are assigned by God by divine right

Medieval liberty

Got liberty only with approval from the king which were only granted to communities

John Calvin

Came up with TULIP

Covenant community: God has predestined to save His elect

Social contract

Agreement to collectively surrender some liberty to a central authority in return for security