AP GOV UNIT 5
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39 Terms
The ways in which citizens engage in the political process, including voting, campaigning, and advocacy. It encompasses various activities aimed at influencing government policy and decision-making.
the right to vote in political elections.
The belief that one's participation can influence political processes, leading to a sense of empowerment in civic engagement.
the belief that the government will respond to citizens' demands and concerns.
The constitutional amendment ratified in 1870 that granted African American men the right to vote, prohibiting the federal and state governments from denying voting rights based on race.
Passed in 1913, the seventeenth amendment allowed for the direct election of US Senators by the voters of each state, replacing the previous method of selection by state legislatures.
The constitutional amendment ratified in 1920 that granted women the right to vote, prohibiting any U.S. citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex.
The constitutional amendment ratified in 1964 that prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal, state, and local elections, ensuring that citizens could not be denied the right to vote due to an inability to pay taxes.
The constitutional amendment ratified in 1971 that lowered the voting age to 18 years, ensuring that citizens who are 18 years or older cannot be denied the right to vote based on age.
A theory that individuals make voting decisions based on their personal preferences and the expected outcomes of their choices, aiming to maximize their own benefits.
The notion that voters make their decisions in a given election by reflecting on the performance of the party in the past
The practice of voting for every candidate of a single political party on an entire ballot, also known as straight-ticket voting.
The percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election, serving as a primary indicator of civic engagement and political health.
Legal or procedural obstacles that make it more difficult for citizens to vote, such as restrictive registration laws, limited polling hours, or strict voter identification requirements.
A legal provision used in the Southern U.S. to disenfranchise Black voters by exempting individuals or their descendants from voting restrictions (like literacy tests) if they had the right to vote prior to 1867.
An examination of a person's ability to read and write, formerly used in the U.S. as a prerequisite for voting to discriminate against and disenfranchise African Americans.
A fixed tax that had to be paid as a requirement for voting, used historically to prevent low-income citizens, especially African Americans, from participating in elections.
The set of rules and procedures mandated by states that citizens must follow to be eligible to vote, including residency requirements and registration deadlines.
An essay by James Madison arguing that a large republic is the most effective way to control the negative influence of 'factions' or interest groups.
An essay by James Madison explaining how the structure of the federal government, including the separation of powers and system of checks and balances, protects the liberty of the people.
Organized groups of people with similar political ideologies and goals that seek to influence government policy by getting their candidates elected to public office. They serve as essential linkage institutions.
The informal and subjective affiliation a person has with a particular political party.
A formal set of principal goals which are supported by a political party or individual candidate, in order to appeal to the general public.
The presiding officer of a political party who manages the party's business and serves as the public face of the organization.
A meeting held every four years by each major party to select presidential and vice-presidential candidates and to write the party platform.
The perceived or actual partiality of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of events and stories that are reported and how they are covered.
The role of the media in influencing what subjects become national political issues and for how long.
The role of the media in monitoring the conduct of government officials and exposing scandals or corruption.
News or commentary designed to appeal to a specific ideological audience, often leading to increased polarization.
Media whose content is shaped by the preferences and demands of the audience, often prioritizing entertainment over substantive news.
The distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues.
A scientific method of estimating what a population thinks about an issue by asking a smaller, representative sample of that population.
A survey of public opinion from a particular sample.
The difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time, often expressed as a margin of error.
A measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll, usually expressed as a plus or minus percentage.
A polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion under the guise of conducting a legitimate poll.
A brief, catchy phrase or segment of a speech that is easily repeated and used in news broadcasts.
The tendency of the national media to be suspicious of officials and eager to reveal unflattering stories about them.
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