ART 232 Unit 1 Ch 18

Definition of representational:

subjects that are identifiable, like what the viewer sees in visible world

Definition of abstract:

images that have been simplified or distorted

Definition of nonobjective (nonrepresentational):

images which don’t refer to anything in the natural world

What are the elements of art?

• line

• shape

• value

• color

• texture

• pattern

• space

• **time & motion

What are the properties of color?

hue, value, intensity

line

varying length and width, line quality (straight, curved, angular)

gestural lines

lines that reveal action

shape

describes a 2-dimensional form

What is a three-dimensional form called?

a mass

What is the space inside a mass called?

volume

what are geometric shapes?

straight or curved lines that progress evenly

what are organic shapes?

uneven curves, sometimes described as naturalistic or biomorphic

value

lightness and darkness

chiaroscuro

the contrast between light and shadow

tints

has been lightened by white

shades

has been darkened by black

neutral colors

white, black, gray - they change tints and shades but don’t affect hues

hue

popular term for color or family of colors

value

lightness and darkness

intensity

brightness and dullness; saturation

complementary colors

colors opposite of each other on the color wheel

analogous colors

colors beside each other on the color wheel

primary colors

red, blue, yellow

secondary colors

green, orange, purple

arbitrary colors

colors are invented and can accentuate the meaning of a picture and give it emotional content

naturalistic colors

colors that imitate those seen in the natural world

two-dimensional space

is flat and can be viewed only from one side including height and width

three-dimensional space

contains objects that can be viewed from all sides (H x W x D)

When was the fall of the Roman Empire?

400’s CE

When was the Medieval Era?

lasted about 1000yrs, spanning from around 400s-1400s (start of 15th Century was when Renaissance started)

How did the bubonic plague begin?

bacteria carried by fleas on rats, mice, and squirrels

How does pneumonic plague spread?

droplets associated with an infected person coughing

What was the WORST year for the Black Plague?

1348

[Fig 18-02]

14th Century, Piazza Della Signoria with Palazzo Della Signoria (Town Hall) 1299-1310, and Loggia Dei Lanzi (Loggia of the Lancers) 1376, 1382

[Fig 18-03]

14th Century Art Proto-Renaissance, Andrea Pisano, Life of St John the Baptist South Doors, Baptistry of San Giovanni, Florence (1330-1336) Gilded Bronze

—-

Byzantine Art, Empress Theodora and Her Attendants, 547 CE

[Fig 18-05]

Gothic Art, Cimabue, Virgin and Child Enthroned, Florence c. 1280

what is proportion?

size relationships within one figure

what is scale?

size relationship between two or more figures

[Fig 18-06]

Proto-Renaissance, Giotto Di Bondone, Virgin and Child Enthroned, Florence, 1305-1310

mural painting

painting on prepared wall

buon fresco

painting water-based paint on wet plaster

fresco secco

painting water-based paint on dry plaster

sinopia

underdrawings for fresco paintings

giornata

a day’s work of fresco painting

gilding

to use a thin layer of gold on a surface

grisaille

monochrome paintings in shades of gray

what is proto-renaissance (14th century art)?

refers to a pre-renaissance period (1300-1400) in Italy where there are artists such as Giotto who are experimenting with realistic figures and a more naturalistic space

[Fig 18-07]

14th Century Art, Giotto Di Bondone, Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, View Toward East Wall, Padua, 1305-06 Frescos

[Fig-18-09]

14th Century Art, Giotto Di Bondone, Kiss of Judas, South Wall of Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua, 1305-06 fresco

Artisan Guild

1. organized by occupation

2. education through apprenticeship

3. handled quality control

4. allowing for acceptance with production of a “masterpiece”

Patron

1. one who commissions art

2. collects art

3. or provides an artist with living and/or working space

4. or financial support

Italian artists contracted freely with patrons

1. nobles

2. religious organizations

3. civic organizations

4. wealthy townspeople

personification

human trait given to a non-human thing

allegory / allegorical figure

abstract concept that is personified (ex. death, lady liberty, lady justice)

atonement

make reparation for wrongdoing; central concept in Christianity similar to using an allegory, an artist can place a contemporary individual into a role in the narrative image

[Fig 18-08]

14th Century Art, Giotto di Bondone, Lamentation, South Wall of Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua 1305-06 fresco

[Fig 18-10]

14th Century Art, Duccio di Buoninsegna, Conjectural Reconstruction of the Front and Back of the Maestra Altarpiece, made for Siena Cathedral 1308-11

[Fig 18-11]

14th Century Art, Duccio di Buoninsegna, Raising of Lazarus From Predella on Back of Maestra Altarpiece 1308-11

[Fig 18-12]

14th Century Art, Duccio di Buoninsegna, Betrayal of Jesus, in the back of the Maestra Altarpiece made for Siena Cathedral 1308-11

[Fig 18-13]

14th Proto-Renaissance, Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi, Annunciation, made for Siena Cathedral 1333

—

American Art, Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Annunciation, 1898

[Fig 18-14]

14th Century Proto-Renaissance, Aerial View of the Campo in Siena With the Palazzo Pubblico (City Hall Including Tower)

[Fig 18-01]

14th Century Art Proto-Renaissance, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Frescos of the Sala Dei Nove (or Sala Della Pace) Palazzo Pubblico

[Fig 18-16]

14th Century Proto-Renaissance, The Effects of Good Government in the City and the Country, Sala Dei Nove, Palazzo Pubblico

By the middle of the 14th century → European Crisis

1. A flood in Florence in 1333

2. Banking failures in the 1340s

3. Famine - 1st decades of the 1346-47

4. the Black Plague, especially bad in 1348

5. The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) Between France and England

What is contrapposto?

from Ancient Greeks, in which standing figure is poised, such that weight rests on one leg, freeing the other leg, which is bent at the knee, hips, shoulder, and head tilt

[Fig 18-17]

Jean Pucelle, The Kiss of Judas and the Annunciation, The Hours of Jeanne D’evreux