Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution

A period of significant change in scientific thought during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Humanism

A Renaissance movement focusing on human potential and achievements, influencing new ideas in science.

Copernicus

Polish mathematician who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.

Heliocentric

A model of the universe with the sun at its center.

Ptolemy

Greco-Egyptian mathematician who promoted the geocentric theory.

Geocentric

A model of the universe with Earth at its center.

Kepler

German astronomer who discovered that planetary orbits are elliptical.

Galileo Galilei

Italian astronomer known for his improvements to the telescope and astronomical observations.

Empiricism

A theory emphasizing knowledge through sensory experience and experimentation.

Inductive Reasoning

A method of reasoning from specific observations to general conclusions.

Deductive Reasoning

A method of reasoning from general principles to specific cases.

Royal Society

An institution established in 1660 to promote scientific research and discussion.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of living organisms.

Physiology

The study of how living organisms function.

Galen

Ancient Greek physician whose anatomical theories were largely incorrect.

Humoral Theory

An ancient belief that health is maintained by balancing four bodily fluids.

Paracelsus

Physician who challenged Galen's ideas by focusing on chemical imbalances.

Andreas Vesalius

Author of 'On the Structure of the Human Body', correcting many of Galen's errors.

William Harvey

Physician who discovered the circulation of blood through the heart.

Natural Laws

General principles governing the behavior of the natural world.

Gravity

The force that attracts objects toward one another, a key concept in Newton's work.

Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation

The law stating that every mass attracts every other mass in the universe.

Alchemy

A medieval chemical philosophy aimed at transforming base metals into gold.

Astrology

The study of celestial bodies and their influence on human affairs.

Botany

The scientific study of plants.

Zoology

The scientific study of animals.

Cartography

The science and practice of making maps.

Natural History

The study of plants, animals, and the natural world, emphasizing classifying and describing species.

Cinchona Bark

A plant whose bark was used to produce quinine, the first treatment for malaria.

Renaissance

A cultural movement that marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity, emphasizing art, literature, and science.

Mathematics in Art

The use of mathematical principles to create perspective and depiction in art, influencing scientific observation.

Exploratory Voyages

Journeys undertaken for the purpose of scientific discovery and classification.

Linnaeus

Swedish botanist known for developing a system for classifying organisms.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to research that involves observation, experimentation, and the formulation of hypotheses.

Craters on the Moon

Galileo's discovery that challenged earlier notions of the moon's surface as smooth.

Galilean Moons

Four moons discovered by Galileo orbiting Jupiter, indicating that not everything revolves around the Earth.