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Pun
A play on words created by using one word to suggest two different meanings, both of which seem appropriate in the context of the sentence/paragraph, even though the meanings they suggest may be different or opposite.
Figurative Language
A phrase that is used to creatively express a concept or idea without using the word’s strict meaning.
Double Entendre
A phrase with a two-sided meaning
Onomatopoeia
A word used to describe a sound
Simile
A comparison using like or as
Metaphor
A comparison without like or as
Analogy
A comparison between two things, usually to explain a concept
Conceit
An elaborate metaphor
Personification
Giving human characteristics to something nonhuman
Zeugma
A figure of speech that can be applied to two things in different senses
Allegory
A reference to another text, media, etc.
Fable
A short story usually used to convey a moral
Metonymy
a figure of speech where a word or phrase is substituted with another word or phrase that is closely associated with it
Synecdoche
A figure of speech where a part is used to represent a whole, or vice versa
Apposition
a relationship between 2 or more words/phrases that are grammatically parallel and have the same referent
Epithet
A descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person/thing mentioned
Hyperbole
An over exaggeration
Understatement
A under-exaggeration, the opposite of a hyperbole
Litotes
ironic statement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary
Euphemism
a milder substitute for a phrase that is considered harsh/blunt
Paradox
A statement that logically cannot be possible because of its contradictory
Oxymoron
A figure of speech in which contradictory words appear in conjunction
Allusion
A piece of writing that hints to a person, place, thing, literature, or art
Note 
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