marriage and family final

Gerontology

scientific study of the processes and phenomena of aging and growing old.

Life Course

ideal sequence of events and positions the average person is expected to experience as he/she matures and moves through life.

Senescence

is the social, emotional, biological, intellectual, and spiritual processes associated with aging.

Ageism

prejudice and discrimination against a person based onchronological age

Disengagement Theory

elderly people realize the inevitability of death an begin to systematically disengage from their previous roles while society simultaneously prepares the pre-elderly and elderly to disengage from their roles.

Activity Theory

elderly benefit from high levels of activities to replace lost life roles after retirement.

What has led to gradual aging of the world's population?

1. Worldwide drop in fertility (fewer babies being born).

2. Rise in life expectancy.

Grief

feeling of loss we experience after a death, disappointment or tragedy.

Bereavement

circumstances and conditions that

accompany grief.

Assistant Parent Grandparent

one who takes the grandchildren to school functions, practices and doctors appointments or waits for them to come to their house after school and

before parents return home from work

Parental Substitute

Grandparent

one who lives in the home with the grandchild - great deal of stress that reminds of original parental stress faced when raising their own children.

Elder abuse

Physical, psychological, financial or material, violations of rights, neglect, self-abuse, and self-neglect

Four functions of the family (functionalist view)

1. Replacing members of society by giving birth and socializing children.

2. Supporting family members economically.

3. Providing a place for society's members to feel loved and secure.

4. Providing a sense of social status in society.

Upper class

Next 20% - Upper Class holds the high ranking jobs, run for elected office and hold CEO-level positions in major

corporations

Middle class and lower class

Remaining 70% -

• Upper-Middle Class

• Middle Class

• Working Class

• Labor Class

• Poor

Home equity

value in the home that is higher than the amount still owed on the home loan.

Continuity Theory

older adults maintain patterns in their later years that they had in their younger years.

Modernization Theory

industrialization and modernization have lowered the power and influence which the elderly once had which has led to must exclusion of elderly from community roles.

Recognize the stages of grief (Kubler-Ross)

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression,

Acceptance

Disneyland Grandparent

one who entertains and distracts their grandchildren from mundane aspects of their daily lives at home.

Poverty line

official measure of those whose incomes are less than three times a lower cost food budget.

Absolute poverty

level of poverty where individuals and families cannot sustain food, shelter, warmth and safety needs.

Wealthy Elite

top 10% - owns the lion's share of all the wealth available to be owned in the United States - own as much as 100

times the average U.S. person's wealth.

These make more in a year than most of us will make in a lifetime.

Rule #3 for credit card use:

Whenever there is a consumer item that you really want (tv, cell phone, etc.) wait three full days before you buy it. If you haven't planned for it, saved for it, and budgeted for it, then a three day cooling off period may help you prevent unwanted and unneeded debt.

Fixed expenses

monthly expenses that are set and do not depend upon your consumer choices - typically rent, mortgage payments, car payments, and insurance payments, to name a few.

Instrumental vs Expressive tasks

Today, women typically do both tasks while men still focus more on instrumental tasks.

Breadwinner

person who earns wages outside the home and uses them to support the

family

Homemaker

person, typically a woman, who occupies life with parenting, housekeeping, and being a spouse while depending heavily on the breadwinner.

Social exchange theory

is a major concept in marriage and family studies that explains how people make decisions in relationships based on costsand rewards.

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs

is a psychological theory by Abraham Maslow that explains the different levels of human needs, arranged from the most basic to the most advanced.

The idea is that people must satisfy lower-level needs before they can focus on higher-level ones.

attraction

is the feeling of being drawn to another person-physically, emotionally, or socially-which often plays a key role in choosing a dating or marriage partner.

Exogamy

is the practice or requirement of choosing a marriage partner from outside your own group, such as outside your family, social class, ethnic group, religious group, or community.

Family of origin

Family you were born into

Family of procreation

family you create by marriage, child birth and/or adoption

Homogamy

is a sociological term that refers to the tendency for people to marry or form romantic relationships with others who are similar to themselves in important ways

Feminist Theory

examines how gender inequality influences marriage, family roles, and personal relationships, and it seeks to promote equality between partners.

Micro theories

theories which best fit the study of small groups and their members

Macro theories

theories which best fit the study of massive numbers of people

Nuclear

family consisting of parents and their biological or adopted children

Filtering

is the step-by-step process of eliminating people who don't meet your preferences or social expectations, until you end up with someone who is a suitable partner

propinquity

refers to the idea that people are more likely to form relationships - including dating and marriage - with individuals who are geographically or physically close to them.

Extended family

includes one's relatives beyond the nuclear and blended family level

Single parent family

one parent with biological or adopted children

Blended family

family created by remarriage including at least one child from a prior relationship

Nuclear

family consisting of parents and their biological or adopted children

Structural Functionalism

Functionalists do agree with conflict theorists that things breakdown in society and that unfair treatment of others is common.

Conflict Theory

Marx and Weber realized that societies have different socialclasses and a similar pattern - relatively few rich persons incomparison to the majority who are poor.

Feminist Theory

examines how gender inequality influences marriage, family roles, and personal relationships, and it seeks to promote equality between partners.

Disengaged

family is too chaotic (very loose rules and weak patterns of associating, or there is little family leadership) or rigid (very strict and structured patterns of associating, or too strict leadership).

Family adaptability

the degree to which a family can adjust tochanges in family members' roles and relationships

Family Cohesion

degree to which family members have emotionally bonded to one another

Stepfamilies

formed when children from another marriage or relationship are brought into a family through a new marriage.

Romantics

sincerely seek for love, friendship and seX

escapers

find the real world too harsh and relax

in therelatively anxiety-free cyber world

Bi nuclear families

family with two core adult relationships formed around the original adults that are no longer together

Family Cohesion

degree to which family members have emotionally bonded to one another

Family adaptability

the degree to which a family can adjust tochanges in family members' roles and relationships

Normative stressors

expected life events and processes that bring stress by virtue of their nature

Acute stressors

typically unexpected, sudden and demand tremendous resources to cope

with them

Stressor pile up

when stressful events accumulate in such a manner that resolution had not happened with existing stressors before new stressors are added.

Affect

one's emotion or current feeling; judged by a person's non-verbal messages.

Mood

one's state of emotional being;

detected by words and patterns of speaking.

Body positioning in communication

Body positioning can be very insightful to a person's disposition - Ex. folded arms across the chest, turning one's back to someone

Change yourself

Redefining your meaning can sometimes be easier than asking another individual to change their behavior or the way that they view something.

Live with differences

Most couples do have some irreconcilable differences in their marriage or relationship

• Some people thinks that their partner should change because their happiness may depend upon it.

Directional arguments

have a goal or a purpose and usually approach the issue that led to the argument in the first place.

Core of healthy arguments

is to get to the root of the problem in a way that both parties can be content with the outcomes.

Core issues common for most people (four)

Values, Beliefs, Needs, and Wants

Perceived injustice

element found in many non-directional argument.

Win/Win negotiation

Knowing a strategy to create a win-win situation makes it much more likely to happen

Agreeing as a gift

that you are willing to give in on something of importance at your root level.

Distant Relative Grandparent

visit at times and live at a geographic or emotional distance from their grandchildren -Telephones and internet allow these grandparents to consult with parents and be intermittently involved in the lives of their children

and grandchildren.

- Often more disconnected fromgrandchildren.

Recognize types of elder abuse

mistreatment of, violence against, and otherwise harmful manipulation of elderly persons.

Rule #1 of credit card use:

Save three months' worth of income and keep it in the bank - save enough to

meet all your fixed debts

Rule #2 for credit card use:

Have only one credit card with no bonus or rewards program. Keep a zero balance on it, and set your credit limit to what it might cost to pay three weeks worth of bills. Don't ever use your credit card for long-term debt.

Variable expenses

expenses that can change from month-to- month based on needs and wants and which are not fixed expenses - typically include food, gasoline and car maintenance, groceries, clothing, etc...

Instrumental tasks

goal-directed activities which link the family to surrounding society, geared towards obtaining resources.

Expressive tasks

pertain to creation and maintenance of a set of positive, supportive, emotional relationships within the family unit.

Individuation

process of separating oneself, one's identity, and one's dependence on others, especially on parents

Enmeshment

occurs when parents and children weave their identities so tightly around one another that it renders them both incapable of functioning independently.

Rescue parents

constantly interfere with their children's activities like helping child with hw or doing it for them, seeks special favors from teachers or coaches, rushes in

before the child can fail making them not fail, never gives child consequences for actions.

Dominating parents

over control and coerce their children

Dominating parents part 2:

Dominating parents demand

compliance and are harsh and overly strict in their punishments.

Mentoring parents

negotiate and share control with their children. These parents typically let the small things be decided by the child such as clothing, class schedules and hobbies.

Co-adulthood

status children attain when they are independent, capable of fulfilling responsibilities and roles, and confident in their own identities as emerging adult

Non-directional arguments

underlying issue is not being dealt with in the argument itself

Family Functions

tasks and goals that support and sustain the

family

family dysfunctions

failures in the family to accomplish these tasks and goals

Family functions vs. Family

Dysfunctions

Functions are intended; dysfunctions are typically unintended

3 common functions parents fulfill for children

Protect, feed, and provide personal care

Parents as agents of socialization

Parents also serve as agents of socialization for their children.

Socialization

process by which people learn characteristics of their group's norms, values, attitudes and behaviors.

Social construction of reality for children

what people define as real because of their background assumptions and life experiences with others.

Primary socialization

all the ways the newborn is molded into social being, capable of interacting in and meeting the expectations of society.

Most primary socialization is facilitated by

family, friends, school, and various forms of media

Key to Behaviorism - knowing what the child defines as reward and punishment

theory of learning that simply states that children will repeat behaviors that they perceive to bring a desired reward while ceasing behaviors that they perceive bring punishments.

Rescue parents

constantly interfere with their children's activities like helping child with hw or doing it for them, seeks special favors from teachers or coaches, rushes in before the child can fail making them

not fail, never gives child consequences for actions

Symbolic Interactionism

micro theory claims that society is composed of ever-present interactions among individuals who share symbols and their meanings.

Enmeshed

family members are overly entangled or over involved in the personal affairs of one another to the point that the changes experienced by one family member are experienced by other if not all family members.

Men tend to move more quickly back into dating arena after divorce - why?

seeing for social and emotional connection from their new-found

friends.