HNES 370 Chronic Disease Flashcards

Sleep and stroke risk

Sleep less than 5 hours or more than 9 hours prolonged naps breathing problems and irregular schedules increase stroke risk

Optimal sleep for brain health

About 5 to 8 hours per night

Sleep and aging

Sleep studies recommended in older adults to detect abnormal breathing patterns

Benefits of proper sleep

Reduces blood pressure inflammation and improves vascular health

Acute stroke treatment

Rapid restoration of blood flow or stopping bleeding depending on stroke type

Thrombolytic drugs

Medications that dissolve clots such as tPA alteplase and TNK tenecteplase

Hemorrhagic stroke treatment

Control bleeding manage blood pressure and possible surgery

Counseling after stroke

Helps patients and families cope with trauma grief and disability

Support groups after stroke

Provide shared experiences education and social connection

Global stroke impact

Second leading cause of death and third leading cause of death and disability worldwide

Economic burden of stroke

Costs over 721 billion dollars globally about 0.66 percent of GDP

Social factors in stroke

Lower socioeconomic status linked to delayed symptom recognition and treatment

Thrombolysis outcomes

Intravenous thrombolysis improves outcomes by about 10 percent

Endovascular thrombectomy EVT

Procedure to remove clots from large vessels improving independence by 20 to 27 percent

Endovascular vs intravascular

Endovascular removes clots physically intravascular delivers drugs like tPA

Subclinical atrial fibrillation

Short asymptomatic irregular heart rhythm detected by long term monitoring

Atrial fibrillation and stroke risk

Increases stroke risk by about 2.5 times

Apixaban vs aspirin

Apixaban reduces stroke risk more than aspirin but increases bleeding risk

Chronic disease projections by 2050

Hypertension 61 percent diabetes 26.8 percent obesity 60.6 percent

Cardiovascular disease projections

Increases expected in coronary disease heart failure stroke and atrial fibrillation

Fiber rich foods benefit

Lower LDL cholesterol

Antioxidant rich foods benefit

Reduce inflammation and oxidative stress

Potassium rich foods benefit

Help regulate blood pressure

Unhealthy fats

Trans fats and saturated fats increase LDL cholesterol

High sodium intake

Leads to hypertension or high blood pressure

Processed foods impact

Increase plaque buildup and damage arteries

80 20 nutrition rule

Focus on healthy eating 80 percent of time with moderation

Heart healthy diets

Mediterranean and DASH diets improve cardiovascular health

Lifestyle prevention strategies

Reduce unhealthy fats increase fiber fruits vegetables whole grains quit smoking limit alcohol manage stress sleep

Statins

Lower LDL cholesterol

Ezetimibe

Reduces cholesterol absorption

Omega 3 fatty acids

Lower triglycerides

Bile acid sequestrants

Lower cholesterol levels

Holistic treatments

Plant based diets herbal supplements with approval acupuncture for circulation and stress

Physical activity and ASCVD study

Higher physical activity linked to lower atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence

Exercise and lipid profile study

Exercise improves total cholesterol triglycerides and HDL

Exercise for dyslipidemia

Effective non drug treatment for improving lipid profiles

Antihypertensive medications

ACE inhibitors ARBs diuretics beta blockers

Cholesterol medications

Statins niacin ezetimibe

Diabetes medications

Metformin and thiazolidinediones

Metabolic syndrome

Cluster of conditions including obesity hypertension insulin resistance and high cholesterol

Exercise and metabolic syndrome

Improves risk factors and may eliminate diagnostic criteria

Lifestyle changes and metabolic syndrome

All components can be improved through diet and physical activity

Population study on metabolic syndrome

Physical activity age comorbidities and lifestyle factors influence risk

Prevention of metabolic syndrome

Education and promotion of physical activity is key