Cranial and Autonomic Nerves BRS practice exam

A 27-year-old man came to his physician with drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis}, a dilated pupil, and a difficulty in focusing on close objects. Furthermore, he has an internal strabismus (medial deviation of the eye) and inability to look inferiorly when the eye is adducted. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Thrombosis in the cavernous sinus

A 16-year-old boy presents with double vision. Further examination reveals that he has difficulty in turning his eye inferolateral and trouble going downstairs. Which of the following nerves is most likely damaged?

Trochlear nerve

A 31-year-old man with a penetrating injury to the posterior triangle of the neck Is unable to shrug his shoulder and turn. the head to the opposite side. Which of the following nerves ls most likely damaged?

Accessory nerve

A 23-year-old woman suffers from a fracture of the jugular foramen by car accident. Which of the following nerves is/are most likely damaged?

Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI

A 17-year-old boy is involved in a gang fight and receives a penetrating injury to the neck. Which of the following conditions is most likely exhibited by this misadventure?

Constricted pupil

A 28-year-old woman comes to her family physician and complains of difficulty in swallowing. Further examination reveals that she has no taste sensation of the posterior one-third of her tongue and a lack of secretion of the parotid gland. Which of the following would most likely cause this condition?

Glossopharyngeal nerve injury

A 34-year-old man in a bar fight suffers a knife wound that severs the abducens nerve proximal to Its entrance into the orbit. Which of the following conditions results from this injury?

Internal strabismus (medial deviation)

Following radical resection of a primary tongue tumor; a 72-year-old patient has lost general sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. This is probably due to injury to branches of which of the following nerves?

Trigeminal nerve

A 53-year-old woman is diagnosed as having a pituitary tumor. If the tumor is large enough, she could exhibit which of the following disorders?

Bitemporal (heteronymous) hemianopia

A patient can move his eyeballs normally and see distant objects clearly but cannot focus on near objects. This condition may indicate damage to which of the following structures?

Short ciliary nerves and ciliary ganglion

A 32-year-old woman has hoarseness in her voice, and her uvula is deviated to the left on phonation. Which of the following nerves is most likely damaged?

Right vagus nerve

Following a penetrating injury in the sub-mandibular triangle, the tongue of a 45-year- old patient deviates to the left on protrusion. Which of the following nerves is injured? (A) Right lingual nerve

Left hypoglossal nerve

A 47-year-old man cannot move his eyeball laterally. Which of the following conditions would cause such a clinical sign?

Infection in the cavernous sinus

A young boy with a tooth abscess from a long-standing infection suffers damage of the lingual nerve as it enters the oral cavity. Which of the following structures contain cell bodies of injured nerve fibers?

Geniculate and trigeminal ganglia

A knife wound has severed the oculomotor nerve in a 45-year-old man. Which of the following conditions will occur due to this injury?

Paralysis of the ciliary muscle

A 20-year-old guard at the gate of the Royal King's palace blinks his eyes when a strong wind hits the cornea of his eye. The afferent fibers of the corneal reflex arc are carried by which of the following nerves?

Nasociliary nerve

A 71-year-old man suffers from a known benign tumor in the pterygoid canal. Which of the following nerve fibers could be injured by this condition?

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

A 22-year-old patient has dryness of the corneal surface of his eye because of a lack of tears. Which of the following nerves may be damaged?

Greater petrosal nerve

A 31-year-old hockey player is hit in the head by a puck. His radiogram shows a fracture of the foramen rotundum. Which of the following nerves would be damaged by this event?

Maxillary nerve

Muscles derived from the second {hyoid)pharyngeal arch are innervated by which of the following cranial nerves?

Facial nerve

A 24-year-old man falls from his motorcycle and lands ln a creek. Death may result from bilateral severance of which of the following nerves?

Vagus nerve

A 27-year-old paratrooper lands on a pine tree. Consequently, preganglionic parasympathetic nerves leaving the central nervous system are lacerated. Which of the following structures contain cell bodies of the damaged nerve fibers?

Brainstem and sacral spinal cord

A pharyngeal {gag) reflex is the contraction of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles that is elicited by touching the back of a patient's pharynx {e.g., with a tongue depressor). Afferent nerve fibers that innervated the pharyngeal mucosa are branches of which of the following nerves?

Glossopharyngeal nerve

The muscles that are of branchiomeric origin are paralyzed in a 26-year-old patient. A lesion of which of the following nerves would cause muscle dysfunction?

Trigeminal nerve