3.24.25 lecture: female gonads

Pop quiz: ADH is a ___________-only hormone

water

pop quiz: what makes cortisol lose its negative feedback control?

stress

the sex chromosomes increase the likelihood that ___________________ is or is not secreted

testosterone

Progesterone in combination with estrogen does 2 things:

breast development

menstrual cycle regulation

female sex hormones are _____________ hormones

steroid

what function does progesterone serve?

amplifies the effects of estrogen

what is menopause?

cessation of menstruation

menopause is defined as:

1 year without menstruation

____________ is released from the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of _______ from the anterior pituitary which triggers the ovarian cycle

GNRH; FSH

_____________ stimulates primordial follicle present in the ovaries and activates them so that the cells around the ova start to multiply

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

describe the event of ovulation

the ova within the graafian follicle penetrates the follicle wall, leaving the ovary and into the fallopean tube

what happens to the follicle cells after ovulation?

they become the corpus luteum

what is the function of the corpus luteum?

Secretes estrogen and progesterone, which maintain the endometrium for the fetus and suppress ovarian function

what happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

it dies and becomes the corpus albicans (basically scar tissue)

the cells surrounding the follicle are responsible for producing _______________, and later _________________ and ________________

estrogen; estrogen and progesterone

______________ stimulates the cells around the follicle to begin producing estrogen during the ________ phase

Luteinizing Hormone (LH); follicular

when is the follicular phase?

pre-ovulation

as the follicle grows and produces more cells, it produces more and more ____________________

estrogen

typically, estrogen is under negative feedback control, but describe how negative feedback control can momentarily be lost

as the follicle grows, it produces more and more estrogen, making estrogen a positive feedback hormone that eventually stimulates ovulation

explain how negative feedback control is restored to estrogen post-ovulation

following ovulation, blood fills the cavity of the cavity, which causes the cells to become the corpus luteum, restoring negative feedback control of estrogen

progesterone is only present during the __________ phase

luteal

what hormone(s) does the the corpus luteum produce?

estrogen AND progesterone

what triggers menstruation?

the DEATH of the corpus luteum

what happens to your hormones when the corpus luteum dies?

estrogen and progesterone concentrations fall RAPIDLY

what does the rapid decline of estrogen and progesterone trigger?

the death of the endometrial cells, resulting in menstruation

progesterone is only present during the ____________________ phase

luteal

what is the cause of menstruation?

death of the corpus luteum, causing death of the cells lining the uterus

what causes the emotional effect of menstruation?

estrogen and progesterone have impacts on the CNS

the neurons in our brains are sensitive to the steroid hormones produced in our body

The hypothalamus releases ____________, which travels down the portal system to the anterior pituitary, promoting the secretion of __________ to activate the follicles, and ______ which targets the developing cells around the follicles after they've been activated

GnRH; FSH; LH

LH also targets thecal cells that produce ________________, which is a precursor for estrogen. the ____ cells are responsible for the conversion to estrogen

testosterone; granulosa cells

______________ is another hormone produced by the follicle which feeds back to the anterior pituitary to inhibit __________, preventing further secretion of ________ and _________

inhibin; GnRH; FSH and LH

_____________ promotes the development of the endometrium

estrogen

the estrogen positive feedback loop feeds back to stimulate __________ secretion, which is called the ____________________

LH; LH surge

the LH surge leads to ____________

ovulation

if the ovum is not fertilized, the _____________ will die

corpus luteum