Unit 1--Important Figures in Exercise Physiology

Archibald V. Hill

• Won a Nobel Prize in 1921

• Studied energy metabolism in isolated frog muscle

• Conducted the first physiological studies on runners

John S. Haldane

• Developed methods of measuring oxygen use during exercise

• Is known for his work in human physiology and respiration

George Wells Fitz

• Directed a degree in anatomy, physiology, and physical training at Harvard University

Eric Hohwü-Christensen

• Published five research studies in the late 1930s on carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Per-Olof Åstrand

• Conducted studies on physical fitness and endurance capacity during the 1950s and 1960s

Jonas Bergstrom

• Reintroduced the biopsy needle in 1966 to study human muscle biochemistry

Peter Karpovich

• Helped introduce physiology to physical activity

Thomas K. Cureton

• Helped establish a rationale for using exercise to promote a healthy lifestyle

Elsworth Buskirk

• Established the Laboratory for Human Performance Research in 1974

Birgitta Essén

• With Bengt Saltin and Phil Gollnick

• Published earliest studies on muscle fiber types in humans

Karen Piehl

• Was an early demonstrator that the nervous system selectively recruits type I and type II fibers

Barbara Drinkwater

• Was among the first to address issues specifically related to female athletes

John Holloszy & Charles Tipton

• Introduced a biochemical approach to exercise physiology research

• Studied muscle metabolism and fatigue in rats and mice

Phil Gollnick

• Studied individual muscle fiber characteristics and responses to training in rats and humans