Med Term Ch 9 Respiratory System

functions

Ingestion: The intake of food, Digestion: The breakdown of food into nutrients, Absorption: Nutrients enter bloodstream and are delivered to the body, Elimination: Unused solid waste expelled (fiber, fat, protein & bacteria)

mouth

Receives food into the oral cavity as it is tasted and broken down by the teeth (mastication)

teeth

Hard structures in the mouth that breakdown food by chewing

tongue

Muscular organ that contains taste buds and aids in chewing/swallowing (deglutition)

Salivary Glands

Secrete amylase that aids in chemical breakdown of starchy foods

Pharynx (throat)

carries both food, liquid, & air

parts of the Pharynx (throat)

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Esophagus

muscular tube that carries the food to the stomach that relies on peristalsis to move the food

stomach

receives food from the esophagus, where gastric juices and enzymes convert it into a pulpy consistency called chyme, and food usually remains there for 1-4 hrs

small intestine

process of digestion is completed here, it’s 17-20 feet long, 1 inch in diameter, and divided into 3 sections called the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

colon/large intestine

absorbs liquid (water) and remaining indigestible materials (feces) which are excreted from the body at the anus, it’s about 5 ft long, two inches in diameter, and made up of six parts called the cecum and appendix, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and rectum

Rectum

LAST part of the large intestine that stores waste before it passes out of the body through an opening called the Anus

feces

Indigestible waste expelled through the anus (opening at lower end of the digestive tract) AKA Stool, poop, BM

liver

Storage of nutrients, breaks down fats and helps remove wastes from the body, converts glycogen to glucose for energy, makes bile (breaks down fatty foods), located in RUQ

pancreas

Produces insulin & enzymes for digestion

gallbladder

Stores and concentrates bile (small sac located inferior to the liver)

Bariatrics

concerned with the prevention and control of obesity

dentist

specializes in the care of the teeth and oral cavity

Dental Hygienist

licensed to clean, x-ray, give fluoride treatments and educate patients about hygiene

Gastroenterologist

specializes in the care of the stomach and intestines

Orthodontist

a dental professional who specializes in the alignment of the teeth

Periodontist

a dental professional who specializes in the tissues surrounding the teeth

Proctologist

a physician who specializes in the colon, rectum and anus

Ascites

Abnormal excess fluid in the abdomen

Dehydration

Fluid loss exceeds fluid intake

constipation

Difficult elimination of hard stool

emesis

vomiting

Halitosis

Bad Breath

Diarrhea

Abnormal watery or loose stool

Regurgitation

Return of Swallowed food from the stomach

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

Pyrosis (heartburn)

burning feeling in chest from GERD

Peptic Ulcers

sores in the membrane of the digestive system from overproduction of stomach acid

Anorexia nervosa

self-deprivation of food and normal body weight, it’s a psychiatric disorder that affects the digestive system

Bulimia nervosa

eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binging and purging

obesity

excessive accumulation of fat in the body and is generally defined as being more than forty to forty five percent overweight

IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)

unknown cause with symptoms of cramping, pain, constipation and /or diarrhea

IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)

causes inflammation of the intestine

Crohn’s Disease (autoimmune)

Inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract can cause fatigue, diarrhea, and weight loss and may occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract

colitis

inflammation of the digestive tract that causes pain, bloating, and vomiting and is limited to the colon

hernia

protrusion of an organ/structure through the muscle that usually contains it

Dental Caries

tooth decay including cavities

Celiac Disease

malabsorption condition with weight loss and diarrhea thought to be caused by an intolerance of gluten

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, drugs, alcohol, and or fatty liver and it can cause jaundice, (yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to liver damage)

Cirrhosis

scarring of the liver often caused by excessive alcohol consumption, drugs, or hepatitis

Bariatric Surgery

treats morbid obesity, lap bands, gastric bypass, and other procedures that reduce the size of the stomach

Occult Blood Test

detects hidden blood in feces

complete blood count (CBC)

counts the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood and is also helpful in determining the presence of internal bleeding or infection

endoscopy

examination of body cavities using a scope(camera)

Barium Enema(LGI)

special series of x-rays of the large intestine using barium as a contrast medium

biopsy

removal of small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination

Incisional biopsy

Incision(cut) into the tissue for removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination microscopically

Excisional biopsy

Surgical removal of an entire tumor

need biopsy

a hollow needle is used to remove a core sample of tissue for microscopic examination

Antiemetic

prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

Laxative

stimulates bowel movements

Acid Blocker

blocks the production of stomach acid