Cell Theory and Cell Structures Study Guide

A set of flashcards covering key concepts of cell theory, structures, and functions as well as the distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

1) All living things are made of cells. 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. 3) All cells come from other cells.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Lets some things in/out of the cell.

What structure makes proteins in a cell?

Ribosomes.

What does DNA do in a cell?

Provides instructions for the cell.

What is cytoplasm?

A jelly-like fluid that fills the cell.

What are the two types of organisms based on their cell type?

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.

What are examples of Prokaryotic organisms?

Bacteria and Archaea.

What is an example of a good bacterium and its function?

Good bacteria help with digestion, e.g., they can break down carbohydrates.

What is an example of a bad bacterium and its impact?

Bad bacteria produce toxic substances that can lead to illness, e.g., Lyme disease.

How do prokaryotic organisms gain energy?

1) Autotrophs (producers) 2) Heterotrophs (consumers).

What is asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells called?

Binary fission.

What is the function of mitochondria?

Cellular respiration makes ATP (energy).

What does a lysosome do?

Breaks down things with the help of enzymes.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Packages things for export.

Describe the endomembrane system in one sentence.

Organelles working together to send substances (proteins or lipids) out of the cell.

What order do organelles follow in the endomembrane system?

Nucleus → rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → cell membrane or lysosome.

Provide one reason why viruses are not considered living.

Viruses are not made of cells and cannot reproduce on their own; they need a host.