APUSH exam

Reconquista (period 1)

• Spain got north African peninsula back from Muslim Moors

• Made them want to spread Catholicism + wanted new econ opps

• Bc of this the Pope let Spanish colonize - Bull of Donation

• centuries-long event

Encomienda System (period 1)

• First Spanish system of colonizing - brutal treatment of NAs

• Enslaved them to farm + mine

• Smallpox was killing NAs + they escaped a lot - so instead enslaved Africans

Repartimiento System (period 1)

• Bc of pushback from encomienda system, Spanish became more lenient - tribes had monthly quotas

Hernan Cortes (period 1)

Spanish conquistador - leader in starting New Spain in Mexico

Bartolome de Las Casas (period 1)

• Priest who was against Spanish brutality of NAs

• Persuaded king to pass laws that ended NA enslavement - nobles appealed

John White (period 1)

• Artist who drew pictures of NA life - “ads” to get English to come to New World

• Pictures used as primary source of NA life before Europeans came

Virginia Company (period 2)

• English trading company - wanted to colonize American  eastern coast

Headright System (period 2)

• Trying to incentivize immigration from Europe w/ 50 acres of land

• In reality elites got the land after they paid for poor ppl’s passage over Atlantic

Great Awakening (period 2)

• Switch in Christianity to more personal + passionate 

• Priests preached in streets

• Why there’s not an established church in constitution

• More religions in America/ colonies

mercantilism (period 2)

• Economic system

• Colonies could only trade w/ England

Zenger Trial (period 2)

• 1735 trial for writing bad things abt gov - found not guilty

• Showed that free expression was becoming important

Roger Williams (period 2)

• Created RI - religious freedom 1636

• Separation of church + state

• Wanted to pay NAs for land

Anne Hutchinson (period 2)

• Had a trial + was kicked out of MA bc she had diff ideas abt Puritan priests

• They were distinguishing ppl by church attendance + moral behavior instead of an inner state of grace

Metacom (period 2)

• Leader of NAs that fought in King Phillip’s war

House of Burgesses (period 2)

• First elected legislative assembly

• In Chesapeake

Dominion of New England (period 2)

• James II combined a bunch of colonies into one

• Colonies didn’t like so uprisings after he was overthrown

• Most colonies got original charters back but not MA - combined w/ Plymouth so no more Puritan colony

Glorious Revolution

• In England, revolution that secured Protestant succession to throne

• Mirrored in colonies - Protestant domination

King Phillip’s War (period 2)

• 1675-1678

• War w/ NAs over land in NE

• Settlers joined w/ other NA group to push NAs west

Proprietary colonies (period 2)

• Single individual owned - like Maryland w/ Lord Baltimore

Anasazi, maize cultivation (period 1)

• Anasazi = NA group who cultivated maize

• Pueblo ppl in Utah + Colorado - also called Anasazi

• Advanced irrigation systems

Protestant Reformation (period 1)

• Lots of people switched from Catholicism to Protestantism - big debate abt it

• Fueled colonization bc dif countries either wanted to spread Protestantism or Catholicism + didn’t want the other to spread

fur trade (period 2)

• Trade between French + Dutch and Native Americans

• Showed their amicable relationship

New Amsterdam (period 2)

• Dutch colony 

• Parts of NY + NJ

• Had private religious freedom + freedom of press

New France (period 2)

• French colony

• Part of Canada + most of middle America

• Less populous than other European colonies

John Winthrop (period 2)

• Governor of MA

• Natural liberty vs moral liberty

Bacon’s Rebellion (period 2)

• 1676 - Nathanial Bacon led a group of indentured servants, enslaved ppl, landless whites in a rebellion

• Bc of Gov William Berkeley - didn’t want to take NA land + only gave good land to his loyal followers - wealthy ppl

Pueblo Revolt (period 2)

a successful rebellion by Native American Pueblo tribes against Spanish colonial rule in what is now the southwestern United States

Powhatan Uprising (period 2)

• coordinated attack by the Powhatan Confederacy against English settlers in the Virginia Colony on March 22, 1622

• The revolt aimed to reclaim territory and resist colonial expansion.

Royal colonies (period 2)

directly ruled and owned by the British crown, with the king appointing a royal governor and council to govern the colony

Corporate (joint-stock) colonies (period 2)

• Plymouth, Massachusetts, and Virginia

• colonies operated by joint-stock companies, where investors would share profits and risks in the venture

Proprietary colonies (period 2)

Single individual owned - like Maryland w/ Lord Baltimore

Act of Toleration

1689 - religious freedom for various Protestant sects and Catholics in Maryland, establishing a precedent for religious liberty in the colonies.

Leisler’s rebellion (period 2)

an uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of the colony's south and ruled it from 1689 to 1691