hearing tste and smelll

why do animals need to hear

identify sound source, extract info the sond contains, identify where the sound is coming from

name the properties of sound

required a medium(air), travles as vibrations

what are the 3 parts of the vertebrae ear

external, muddle and inner

what are the 2 components of the external ear

pinna, external ear canal

what’s the role of the pinna

captures and directs sound into external ear canal

what’s the role of the external ear canal

channels sound to eardrum

what are the 2 components of the middle ear

tympanic membrane, ear ossicles

what’s the role of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

vibrates in response to sound waves

what are the ear ossicles (3 small bones)

malleus, incus, stapes

what’s the components of the inner ear

the cochlea, organ of corti

what’s the role of the cochlea

converts mechanical vibrations into neural signals

what’s the role of the organ of corti

contain hair cells that detect sound frequancies

describe tonotopy

diffrent regions if the cochlea respond to diffrent sound frequencies

what’s the role of the hair cells

they depolorise or hyperpolorise creating nervous response

what’s the name of an insects hearing organ

tympanum

where is the tympanum located

in the legs

what is the crista acoustica

acoustic membrane connected to auditory neurones

how does the crista acoustically work

depends on stretching and vibrations caused by sound

how do bats navigate

echolocation> emit ultrasonic sound

how are vertebrae and insect hearing similar

both rely on vibration detection

where are taste buds located

on diffrent papillae

where are the foliate papillae located

sides of the tounge

where are the circumvillate papilla located

back of the tounge

where are the fungiform papillae detected

front of the tounge

why is there a high turnover rate of taste cells

aggressive environment

what are tue 5 baisic taste modalities

sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umaemi

how are salt and acidic tastes detected

na and H receptors use ion channels to trigger responses, they depolorise the cell causing an action potential

how are sweet and umami tastes detected

g-protien coupled receptors

how do vertebrae smell

olfactory receptors neurones detect odours and send signals to the brain

where ate olfactory receptors located

nasal cavities

what does each olfactory receptors neurone express

a specific odourant receptor gene

where are olfactory signals detected

the olfactory bulb

what’s the first part of the olfactory transduction mechanisms

odouran binds to the g protien coupled receptors increasing intracellulat cAMP that opens ion channels

what’s the second step in the olfactory transduction mechanism

rhe opening of ion channels causes depolorisation generating an action potential

how do invertibrea taste ans smell

chemosensory hairs

where are the chemosensory hairs located

antenna and legs

how do insects smell

specilised glomelaei

define convergant evoloutiom

diffrent species evolving similar strategies for detecting and prossesing sound