Med Terminology Final

Carcin/o

cancerous

Ne/o

new or strange

onc/o or -oma

Mass or Tumor

Tox/o

poison, poisonous

Allergen

a substance that causes an allergic reaction in an individual

Antibiotics

A medication that is capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.

Antibody

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

Antigen

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

Anaphylaxis

a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes.

autoimmune disorder

Any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies to work against its own tissues, or organs for antigens.

Bacteria

A group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic.

infectious mononucleosis

an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes

Parasite

a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

opportunistic infection

caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans, but is able to cause an infection in a weakened host.

Begnin

Not life-threatening (mass)

Candidiasis

An infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus.

carcinoma in situ

a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues

hemolytic

Describes the function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.

Cytomegalovirus

A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child.

cytotoxic drug

medication that kills or damages cells

antifungal

an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

immunosuppressant

a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response

immunotherapy

A treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressing the immune response.

teletherapy

radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three-dimensional computer imaging

Acetabulum

this is a large circular cavity in both sides of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

malleolus

the rounded bony protuberance on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

Metacarpals

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

xyphoid process

the bony structure that forms the lowest portion of the sternum

Diaphysis

this is the shaft portion of a long bone

Ankylosing spondylitis

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

Ostheoarthritis

the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis

Juvenille Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

Rickets

A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D.

Paget's disease

A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.

arthrodesis

this is the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

arthrolysis

the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

dual x-ray absorptiometry

this is a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

orthopedist, orthopedic surgeon

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles.

orthotic

a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

chondromalacia

softening of cartilage

costochondritis

this occurs when there is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects one of the ribs to the sternum

Gout

This is a form of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid and crystals in the joints

hallux valgus

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe, also known as bunion.

Kyphosis

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager's hump.

comminuted fracture

This is a fracture where the bone is splintered or crushed

compression fracture

occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself

crepitation

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

internal fixation

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

open fracture

A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture.

angi/o

blood or lymph vessel

arteri/o

artery

-crasia

a mixture or blending

tachy-

fast, rapid

angioplasty

the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

aorta

Largest artery in the body

atrium

upper chambers of the heart

triscupid valve

this valve controls the opening between the upper right atrium and the lower right ventricle

right ventricle

pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs

left atrium

Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins. the blood flows out of the LA, throught the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle

Arrythmia

The loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

Sickle cell anemia

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

is referred to as good cholesterol (because it carries unneeded cholesterol back to the liver for processing and does not contribute to plaque buildup)

electrocardiogram

A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

Raynaud's disease

a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

thrombolytic

medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up; also know as a clot-busting drug

Cardiac catherization

a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart

Antithypertensives

Class of drugs administered to lower high blood pressure

duplex ultrasound

a diagnostic procedure to image the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels

thallium stress test

A diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise.

megaloblastic anemia

a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal

sepsis

the systemic condition often associated with severe infections caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream is know as

ventrial fibrillation

this type of fibrillation, consist of rapid, irregular and useless contractions o the ventricles, instead of pumping strongly, the heart muscle quivers ineffectively

Embolus

This localized weak spot, or ballon-like enlargement, can appear in the wall of an artery

Leukemia

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes (white blood cells) found in blood forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood

anatomical position

This describes the body standing in the standard position. this includes standing so the body is erect and facing forward and the arms are the sides with palms facing up

Foramen

this is a opening in a bone thought which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

sphenoid bone

this is a bone of the skull is a butterfly-shaped/bat-shaped cranial bone that is located in the middle of the skull

synovial joints

this type of joint is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of monitors

appendicular skeleton

this portion of the skeleton makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion and reproduction

osteroporosis

this is a loss of bone density and increase in bone purity and is frequently associated with agign.

sign

this is evidence of disease that can be evaluated by a patient or others

symptom

this is evidence that can be evaluated ONLY by the patient

epicondylitis

this is a condition of the bones of the arm that is a painful inflammation of tendons surrounding an epicondyle causes known as "tennis elbow"

acascular necrosis

this is an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow, it most commonly occurs in the hip joint, and often requires a hip replacement.

lumbargo

lower back pain

sublaxation

partial dislocation of a bone from its joint

lordosis

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Luxation

this is the total displacement of a bone from its joint

herniated disk

the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots

chiropractor

specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine

prodiatrist

this person specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

radiography

this is the use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities

bone density testing (BDT)

used to determine losses or changes in bone density, these tests are used to diagnose conditions such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteopenia, and Paget's disease

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

this is used to create images of soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joint. it os not the most efficient method of imaging hard tissues such as bone

cephal/o, cephalic

towards the head, head

anatomical position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

pelvic cavity

this cavity space is formed by the hip bones and contains the organs for reproduction

Spinal cavity

this cavity surrounds and protects the spinal cord

sagittal plane

a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal right and left portions

diagnosis

this is the identification of a disease, or to reach a conclusion regarding a disease or condition