Carcin/o
cancerous
Ne/o
new or strange
onc/o or -oma
Mass or Tumor
Tox/o
poison, poisonous
Allergen
a substance that causes an allergic reaction in an individual
Antibiotics
A medication that is capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.
Antibody
a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
Antigen
any substance that the body regards as being foreign
Anaphylaxis
a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes.
autoimmune disorder
Any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies to work against its own tissues, or organs for antigens.
Bacteria
A group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic.
infectious mononucleosis
an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes
Parasite
a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism
opportunistic infection
caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans, but is able to cause an infection in a weakened host.
Begnin
Not life-threatening (mass)
Candidiasis
An infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus.
carcinoma in situ
a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
hemolytic
Describes the function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.
Cytomegalovirus
A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child.
cytotoxic drug
medication that kills or damages cells
antifungal
an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi
immunosuppressant
a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response
immunotherapy
A treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressing the immune response.
teletherapy
radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three-dimensional computer imaging
Acetabulum
this is a large circular cavity in both sides of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
malleolus
the rounded bony protuberance on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
Metacarpals
the five bones that form the palms of the hand
xyphoid process
the bony structure that forms the lowest portion of the sternum
Diaphysis
this is the shaft portion of a long bone
Ankylosing spondylitis
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
Ostheoarthritis
the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis
Juvenille Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.
Rickets
A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D.
Paget's disease
A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.
arthrodesis
this is the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint
arthrolysis
the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
dual x-ray absorptiometry
this is a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
orthopedist, orthopedic surgeon
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles.
orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
costochondritis
this occurs when there is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects one of the ribs to the sternum
Gout
This is a form of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid and crystals in the joints
hallux valgus
an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe, also known as bunion.
Kyphosis
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager's hump.
comminuted fracture
This is a fracture where the bone is splintered or crushed
compression fracture
occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself
crepitation
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
internal fixation
a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place
open fracture
A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture.
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