Platyhelminthes lab

two classes

Trematoda Cestoda

flukes (class subclass)

Trematoda Digenia

basic life stage of flukes

eggs (feces/urine) → miracidium → asexual reproduction in mollusk IH → cercaria → metacercaria in environment ingested by DH or metacercaria in 2nd IH ingested by DH or penetration of DH → adults in DH (intestines, liver, blood, lungs)

each trematode egg =

1 miracidium

1 trematode cercaria =

1 adult in DH

sheep liver fluke

Fasciola hepatica

Fasciola hepatica DH

livestock deer elk (ruminants)

Fasciola hepatica IH

snail

fluke where eggs in feces → hatch and penetrate snail → repr asexually in snail cercariae produced → cercaria encyst on vegetation as metacercaria → metacercaria are eaten/ingested along with veg → they encyst the SMALL INTESTINE then punch out of SI and migrate to/through liver → settle in bile ducts = worms reach sexual maturity

Fasciola hepatica

giant liver fluke/deer fluke

Fascioloides magna

Fascioloides magna DH

elk WT deer

Fascioloides magna IH

snail

egg in feces → miracidium → snail → cercaria → flukes in thick walled capsules on veg eaten → in DH in thin walled fibrous liver capsules

Fascioloides magna

fluke associated with Clostridium noyvii

Fascioloides magna

lancet liver fluke

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

dicrocoelium dendriticum DH

livestock wild ungulates

dicrocoelium dandriticum IH

snail then ant

eggs passed in feces → eaten by snail → hatch reproduce asexually = cercariae → passed from snail in slime balls → ant eats and metacercariae form in hemocoel and around central ganglion of ant → ants eaten along with veg by DH → metacercariae excyst in hosts SI and immature worms migrate to bile duct → worms mature sexually and produce eggs

dicrocoelium dendriticum

Nanophyetus salmincola DH

canids skunks mustelids raccoons bears

Nanophyetus salmincola IH

aquatic snail then fish/amphibians

common 2nd IH for Nanophyetus salmincola

trout salmon

egg → miracidium → snail → cercaria → penetrate skin of fish → metacercaria in tissues through body but congregate in wall of SI → infected fish ingested by DH → flukes mature in wall of SI

Nanophyetus salmincola

fluke associated with salmon poisoning disease

Nanophyetus salmincola

flukes associated with Neorickettsia spp.

Nanophyetus salmincola

Ribeiroia ondatrae DH

egrets herons predatory birds that eat frogs

Ribeiroia ondatrae IH

aquatic snail then tadpoles

eggs → miracidium → aquatic snail → cercaria penetrate skin of tadpoles → metacercaria encysts/in tissues through body (ones near limb buds = developmental issues) → eaten by DH → mature and live in SI

Ribeiroia ondatrae

blood flukes of waterfowl

Ornithobilharzia spp.

Ornithobilharzia spp. DH

ducks geese waterfowl

Ornithobilharzia spp. IH

snail

eggs → hatched released in water = miracidium → enter snail → cercariae → host (bird) → adults live in veins surrounding intestine → eggs penetrate into gut ad pass with feces

Ornithobilharzia spp.

fluke that can cause swimmer’s itch

Ornithobilharzia spp.

two orders of cestodes

Pseudophyllidia Cyclophyllidia

broad fish tapeworm (order)

Pseudophyllidia

all other cestodes but one (order)

Cyclophyllidia

broad fish tapeworm

Diphillobothrium latum

Diphillobothrium latum DH

bears humans

Diphillobothrium latum IH

copepod then fish

immatures of parasites that have arthropods as IH

cysticercoid

fringed/sheep tapeworm

Moniezia expansa

Moniezia expansa DH

ruminants

moniezia expansa IH

soil mites

egg passed in feces → eggs ingested by IH (mite) → cysticercoid develops in IH → DH infected when eats infected IH → adult tapeworm in SI

Moniezia expansa

poultry tapeworms

Raillietina spp.

Rallietina spp. DH

wild and domestic birds

Raillietina spp. IH

fleas ants chewing lice

egg packets shed by DH (terminal gravid proglottids) → IH ingests eggs (with onchospheres) → each onchosphere develops into a cysticercoid

Raillietina spp.

dog-rabbit tapeworm

Taenia pisiformis

Taenia pisiformis DH

wild and domestic canids

Taenia pisiformis IH

rabbit

proglottids shed in feces → dries bursts releases eggs → ingested by IH (rabbit) → each onchosphere develops into a cysticercus → DH eats IH → adult in SI?

Taenia pisiformis

thin necked bladderworm

Taenia hydatigena

Taenia hydatigena DH

wild and domestic canids

Taenia hydatigena IH

ruminant

proglottids shed in feces → dries bursts releases eggs → ingested by IH (ruminant) → each onchosphere develops into a cysticercus → ingestion

Taenia hydatigena

Taenia solium DH

human

Taenia solium IH

pigs bears

pork tapeworm

Taenia solium

Hydatid worm

Echinococcus granulosus

Echinococcus granulosus DH

wild and domestic canids

Echinococcus granulosus IH

variety of mammals