Computer Science 1033 - Western University FULL FLASHCARD SET

Fill in the blank: 72 px = ___ Inches

1 inch

What is the difference between San Sief and Sief?

Sief fonts has extra strokes for readability and San Sief does not.

What's the difference between pixels and ems?

Pixels are based off of resolution, vs ems are relative to users' default settings.

Kerning

horizontal spacing between pairs of letters

Tracking

horizontal spacing between all the characters in a large block of text

Leading

the vertical space between lines of text

What is the numerical value (RBG) of FF (hexidecimal)?

255 (F=15, 15x15)

If I mixed equal amounts of each color (Red, Green, and Blue), what shade would I create?

Grey

What does the colour #FFFFFF create?

White (The maximum saturation of all colours)

What does the colour #000000 create?

Black (The absence of colours)

What does CRAP stand for?

Contrast, Repetition, Alignment, Proximity

True or False: Lower Resolution creates smaller pixels and small fonts.

False. Lower resolution creates bigger pixels and larger fonts.

What colour would the hexadecimal codes be?

1) 09AB78
2) #01DE34
3) #343434
4) #AC05EE
5) #FG0302

1) Not # in the front. Not a real color.
2) Green
3) Light Grey
4) Purple
5) Not a real color. Hexadecimals only consists of numbers 1-9 and letters A-F

What are these RGB colours?
1) 34, 58, 230
2) 102,102,102
3) 256, 256, 256

1) Blue
2) Medium Shade of Grey
3) Does not exist. The RGB code only goes up until 255

Explain Sampling in very basic terms.

Sampling is the process of breaking down multimedia (images, audio) into smaller chunks.

Explain Quantizing in very basic terms.

Assigning value to samples. (aka, assigning colours to images, and sounds to soundwaves.)

Application Question:
I have a piece of 10 x 12 inch paper and a printer of 200 dpi. How many pixels will I print out?

(10 inch x 200 dpi) * (12 inch x 200 dpi)
= 2000 * 2400
=4,800,000 samples

How many pixels is 6 megapixels?

6 * 1,000,000 pixels = 6,000,000 pixels

True or False: The combination of cyan, magenta, and yellow does not make a "pure" shade of black.

True.

What does PPI stand for?

Pixels per inch.

What does DPI stand for?

Dots per inch

Name two differences between PPI and DPI.

1) PPI is used to measure pixels within a screen. DPI is used to measure pixels when printing.

2) PPI affects the file size but DPI doesn't.

What is a Bit?

Smallest Unit within a Computer. Represented with digits of 0 and 1.

What is a byte?

a group of 8 bits

What is a megabyte?

A million bytes

Application Question:

Convert the binary number 1101 into decimal.

1101
= 2^3 x 1 + 2^2 x 1 + 2^1 x 0 + 2^0 x 1
= 8 + 4 + 0 + 1
= 13

True of False: If the rightmost digit of a binary decimal is a 0, the number is even.

True. Because if the rightmost digit is a 1, when it would be any value + 1, making it odd.

If you have a grayscale image with dimensions 200 pixels by 80 pixels, and you want to use 64 shades of gray for each pixel, what would be the file size of the image in bytes, assuming a color depth of 6 bits per pixel?

(200806)/8
=96000/8
=12000 bytes

Explanation:
(Width x Height x Color Depth) = Total Size

What is FF in binary?

11111111

True or False: If we have an image that is 200 by 300 pixels, it will look bigger on a monitor when the resolution is 1600 by 1200 than it would when the resolution is 800 by 600

False. It would look smaller since the resolution is higher.

True or False: A 200 pixel by 300 pixel image that has a dpi of 10 will look bigger on a monitor with a resolution of 1200 by 1000 than an image that is also 200 pixels by 300 pixels shown on the same monitor but this image has a dpi of 100.

False. Dpi does not affect the size of the image in the monitor.

True or False: RAW File has lossy compression.

False. Raw files have no compression.

In ASCII Code, each letter is represented by __ bits.

8

Why was the Huffman Code invented?

The inventor decided to rearrange the alphabet in the Huffman Code to reduce the amount of bits used.

Letter e: Huffman Code: 010
Convert the letter e into decimal.

2^2 x 0 + 2^1 x 1 + 2^0 x 0 = 0 + 2 + 0
= 2

Concept Question: When reducing the file size of an image, should we reduce the brightness of the image of the colors of the image?

Colors of the image. Human eyes notice differences in brightness more than differences in colors.

What does Lossy Compression mean?

Looses original quality when compressed.

What does Lossless Compression mean?

Original quality is maintained when compressed.

Out of JPG, PNG, and GIF, which file type is the best to use for logos and clipart?

GIF.

Out of JPG, PNG, and GIF, which of the following typically has the smallest file size?

JPG, because it has a lossy compression.

True or False: There is no dithering or interlacing in JPG.

True. There is no interlacing in JPG. There is no dithering because a JPG can display 16 million colors. (Max colours needed for the human eye)

How many color bits are needed to show 16 million colours?

24 color bits

Explain dithering

Putting pixels of two colors together to give the illusion of a third color.

Explain interlacing

Showing a less pixalated picture, therefore the picture doesnt have to fully download.

Explain Interpolation

When you stretch out a picture and the computer has to automatically guess the colors in between pixels to enlarge the picture. > The picture becomes blurry.

What are bitmapped images?

Images resulting from interpolation

What is the bit-depth for GIFs? And how many colors does it show?

8-bit depth. 256 colors

True or False: JPG, PNG, and GIF all allow transparency.

False. Only PNG and GIF do.

Out of JPG, PNG-8, PNG-24, PNG-32, and GIF, which one has the smallest file size?

PNG-8

Out of JPG, PNG, and GIF, which two are good for logos?

PNG and GIF.

What does the Creative Commons logo "BY" stand for, and what does it mean?

BY stands for Attribution, and it means users must acknowledge the original work when publishing.

What does the Creative Commons logo "NC" stand for, and what does it mean?

NC stands for Non-Commercial, it means users cannot use the work for commercial purposes.

What does the Creative Commons logo "ND" stand for, and what does it mean?

ND stands for Non-Derivatives. It means users cannot make any altercations to the original work.

What does the Creative Commons logo "SA" stand for, and what does it mean?

SA stands for Share Alike. It means new versions of the original work would have to carry the same license.

True or False: Once your pen leaves the paper, you have copyright to your creation.

True. Once you create it, you own it and have copyrighted.

Give one explanation as to why TCP/IP network is reliable.

Because one computer has multiple sources of connections. Therefore, if one computer shuts down, other computers would still function.

During packet switching, what does TCP do on the sending end?

TCP breaks large data into datagrams, and they might take different routes, but they all end up in the same destination.

During packet switching, what does TCP do on the recieving end?

Detects lost data, packages with defects due to network congestion and then reassembles lost ones.

True or False: IP addresses are geographical

False.

True or Flase: ONE IP address can map to multiple domain names.

True. It is rare, but possible.

URL: http://www.uwo.ca/its/courses/spring.html

Identify
1) The Domain Name
2) The Website(s)
3) The Webpage

1) The Domain Name
uwo.ca

2) The Website(s)
"its" and "courses"
*Websites are the folders used to store webpages

3) The Webpage
"spring.html"

URL:
https://www.csd.uwo.ca

1) The Top Level Domain
2) The Second Level Domain
3) The Third Level Domain

1) .ca
2) .uwo
3) .csd

Extracting Second Tier and Top Tier domain, how many levels of subdomains can there be?

125 levels. 127 levels including second level and top level domain.

Fill in the blank: Each level of domain can go up to __ characters long, the entire domain cannot be more than ___ characters.

63, 255

What is wrong with each of the following domains?

1) https://www_csd.uwo.ca_
2) https://www-youtube.com-
3) https://www.mcdonalds%.com
4) https://www.five guys.com

1) No underscores are allowed
2) No hyphens are allowed
3) No symbols are allowed
4) No spaces are allowed

Who established URL and domain names? When did they do it?

Tim Berners-Lee. 1990s.

Who invented HTML? When did they do it?

Tim Berners-Lee. 1990s.

Can you use capital letters in domain names?

Yes. URLs are case insensitive.

Name first seven approved Top Level Domain Names.

1) .com
2) .org
3) .net
4) .edu
5) .gov
6) .intl
7) .mil

Rank the chronological order these Top Level domain names were approved:

A) Brand Names
B) Countries
C) Geographical
D) Original 7 Domain Names

D, B, C, A

True or False: Tim Berners-Lee invented hyperlinks as well.

True.

Match the Letter to the Alphabet

A) Java Script
B) CSS File
C) Html File

1) Webpage Content
2) Webpage Behavior
3) Webpage Design

A) - 2)
B) - 3)
C) - 1)

Application Question: Assume that you have created the external CSS file called myfavstyles.css., then you would put this (fill in the blank) <______ ="stylesheet" href="myfavstyles.css"> under the <head> tag in your .html file

link rel

Application Question: Under CSS rules, what is the correct way to change the background colour of all elements given the class "large" in your website?

.large { background-color: cyan; }

Which of the following pages will load into a browser the fastest? Assume you have a page hockey.html containing JUST the hockey image and a page tennis.html containing JUST the tennis image. Assume that the image hockey.jpg is 1000 pixels by 1000 pixels and is 958 Kbytes and the image tennis.jpg is 300 pixels by 300 pixels and is 28 Kbytes.

hockey.jpg

Application Question: <a href="_______________">Mail to Homer</a>

mailto:[e-mail]

A "nested table" in the context of web design is ____

A table inside another table

The set of font types that are universally available on all computers and devices, and thus are recommended for websites, are called _____

Websafe Fonts

When building an index, what searches through webpages for keywords?

Web Crawlers

True or False: Webpages can be searched on a Search Engine prior to being added to an index

False. Webpages must be added to the index prior to it being searchable in the Search Engine.

Name the two inventors of PageRank Algorithm.

Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

What was the original name of the PageRank Algorithm?

BackRub Algorithm

What is the highest PageRank ranking?

1

What is the lowest PageRank ranking?

0

In the exam, if they provide us with a diagram of a PageRank algorithm, how would you calculate the weight amongst the outgoing links of a webpage.

Divide 1 amongst the number of webpages. Divide the weight amongst the outgoing links of a webpage.

Which part of the webpage is most important for a keyword?

The title

What is a fold in a webpage?

Text/content where you don't have to scroll down.

Name the Three Factors for keywords on a webpage

1) Prominence
2) Proximity
3) Density

Name the three factors of page popularity in PageRank

1) Number of Clicks
2) Number of Returning Users
3) Duration of visit on the page.

Which page would rank higher in PageRank?

A) Webpage with no alt tags
B) Webpage with alt tags

B

Which page would rank higher in PageRank?

A) Webpage with no broken links
B) Webpage with broken links

A

Which page would rank higher in PageRank?

A) Webpage with larger file sizes of images
B) Webpage with smaller file sizes of images

B. Because it is quicker to load

I want to search the term fruit on Google without orange (the fruit) showing up in my results. How would I do so?

Minus Operator. "fruit -orange"

I want to search the term pepsi specifically in Google. How would I do so?

Quotations. "Pepsi"

I am open to many possibilities in looking up How to ____ a cake in Google. How would I do so?

Wildcard. How to * a cake.

I would like to search for a specific pdf file on Google to learn Italian. How would I do so?

Filetype. filetype: pdf learn Italian

I would like to search Barack Obama before the year 1995 on Google. How would I do so

"Barack Obama" before:1995

How many frames per second are movies?

24 Fps

How many frames per second are TV Displays?

30 Fps

What is the minimum amount of frames per second needed for the human eye?

12-15 Fps