DNA Methylation Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to DNA methylation, its significance in genetics, and its role in processes such as transcription and immunity.

DNA Methylation

A biochemical process that involves the addition of a methyl group to DNA, which often leads to the inactivation of gene transcription.

Deoxyribonucleotide

The building block of DNA, consisting of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

CpG Islands

Regions of DNA with a high frequency of cytosine and guanine nucleotide pairs, where DNA methylation commonly occurs.

Ribonucleotide

The building block of RNA, consisting of a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Nitrogenous Base

The component of nucleotides that include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, which pair to form the rungs of the DNA ladder.

Transcription

The process of converting DNA into RNA, which can then be translated into proteins.

Phosphate Group

A chemical group containing phosphorus and oxygen that is a part of nucleotides in DNA and RNA.

Immune Response

The mechanism by which the body recognizes and responds to foreign substances, often triggered by unmethylated DNA.

Cancer Prevention

The role of DNA methylation in preventing uncontrolled cell growth by regulating gene expression.

Epigenetics

The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence, including processes like DNA methylation.