Pre AP World History Unit 8 Review

Nara Japan

710 - 784 CE; power in the hands of the Fujiwara family

Heian Japan

794-1185 CE; known more for cultural achievement than political or economic

Political Decentralization (Japan)

A process whereby the authority of the emperor declined and was replaced by local lords known as Daimyo and very powerful ones known as Shoguns. This process occurred throughout the Nara, Heian, and Kamakura periods.

Japanese Patriarchy

Based on Chinese Confucian principles of filial piety and submissiveness; demonstrated in the Tale of Genji and through the kind of education, clothing, and rights associated with women during the period

Korea

Strongly influenced politically and culturally by Chinese Confucianist thought; remained independent and unique through the establishment of authority in the period by Yi Seoung gye

Yurts

Portable Houses of the Mongols

Genghis Khan

Originally known as Temujin - organized the warring clans of the central Asian Steppe into a unified EMpire - led the conquest of much of Asia

Yasa

Merit based law code of the Mongols

The Mongol Empire

The largest land empire ever created - consisted of the majority of the Eurasian landmass after the conquest of the Abbasids in the Middle East, Kiev in Eastern Europe, and the Song Dynasty in East Asia. The Silk Road came into widespread use during the Mongol period. After the death of Genghis Khan, it was divided into provinces known as khanates

Jagadai Khanate

Central Asian Mongol province

The Khanate of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty)

The East Asian Mongol province;established by defeating the Song Dynasty; welcoming of different religions; different groups involved in governing; continuing the tradition of the dynastic cycle;

Cultural Achievements of Yuan China

The poetry of Li Bo and Duo Fu; porcelain ("China")

Timur Lenk

Muslim descendent of Genghis Khan who began to conquer modern India, Afghanistan, and Mesopotamia

IlKhanate

The Middle Eastern Mongol province

The Khanate of the Golden Horde

The Russian Mongol province

Novgorod

Russian city that survived Mongol destruction due to its leaders' agreement to pay tribute to the Khans

Kublai Khan

Established the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty after the completion of the conquest of China in 1279

Marco Polo

Agent of cultural diffusion - Italian explorer who visited Yuan China and reported what he saw to Europe

Neo-Confuciansim

a new form of Confucianism that incorporated elements of Daoism and Buddhism and advocated for self-development by way of meditation and reflection instead of just study and mastery of history and texts.- supported by the Mongols in China and the dynasty of Yi Seong-gye in Korea

Caravans/Caravanserai

Groups of merchants who stayed together for safety along trade routes such as the Silk Road and Trans-Saharan network/Inns stayed in by the merchants

Ghana

300 - 1200 CE; Muslim traders exchanged salt and gold; West African sub-Saharan kingdom

Mali

1200-1500s CE; Sub-Saharan West African kingdom. Economy based on the trade of salt and gold - Famous rulers include Mansa Musa and Sundiata; most Malian history was obtained through oral histories preserved by authorities known as "griots". Also known for the city of Timbuktu - center of learning famous for "Madrasas" (universities )

Songhai

1375-1591 CE; extended African trade to Europe; defeated by the Moroccans who used gunpowder

Axum

100 - 1400 CE; East African Christian kingdom; increasingly marginalized as Islam spread across the African continent

Specific societies: Unit 8

Mongols: Yuan, Ilkhanate, Golden Horde, Jagadai; Japan: Nara, Heian, Kamakura; Korea: Yi Dynasty; Africa: Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Axum

Major cultural Developments: The Mongols

Meritocracy; Neo Confucianism; diffusion between Europe and China (Marco Polo) opposition to Buddhism and Daoism; adopted the beliefs of those they conquered

Major Cultural Developments: Japan

Heian patriarchy; syncretism between Shinto and Buddhism; The Tale of Genji; aristocratic leisure

Major Cultural Developments: Yi Dynasty Korea

Diffusion of Neo Confucianism from China; opposition to Buddhism

Major Cultural Developments: Russia

Orthodox Christianity; subservience to the Mongols; Isolation leads to no Renaissance unlike other parts of Europe

Major Cultural Developments: Africa

Diffusion of Islam to Sub-Saharan Africa, Timbuktu as a center of learning (Mali); prevalence of Christianity in East Africa (Axum)