Chem 101 Exam 3
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46 Terms
Acid
A substance that donates H+ (proton).
Base
A substance that accepts H+ (proton).
Hydronium ion
H3O+
Hydroxide ion
OH−
Acidic solution
A solution with more H3O+ than OH−.
Basic solution
A solution with more OH− than H3O+.
Neutral solution
A solution with equal amounts of H3O+ and OH−.
Proton
In acid-base chemistry
Neutralization
Reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.
Salt
Ionic compound formed from the cation of a base and anion of an acid.
Acid-base reaction
A reaction where H+ is transferred between substances.
Acid-base indicator
A substance that changes color depending on pH.
Examples of indicators
pH paper
Strong acid
An acid that completely dissociates in water.
Weak acid
An acid that partially dissociates in water.
Strong acids examples
HCl
Weak acids examples
HF
Strong base
A base that completely dissociates and produces OH−.
Weak base
A base that partially ionizes and produces few OH− ions.
Strong bases examples
LiOH
Weak bases examples
NH3
Electrolyte
A substance that conducts electricity in solution due to ions.
Strong electrolyte
Completely ionizes in solution.
Weak electrolyte
Partially ionizes in solution.
Nonelectrolyte
Does not produce ions in solution.
Water amphoteric
Water can act as both an acid and a base.
Molarity (M)
Moles of solute per liter of solution.
Concentration
Amount of solute in a given amount of solution.
pH scale
A scale used to measure acidity or basicity.
pH < 7
Acidic solution.
pH = 7
Neutral solution.
pH > 7
Basic solution.
pH scale change
Each pH unit represents a 10x change in H3O+ concentration.
Lower pH
More acidic
Higher pH
More basic
Conjugate acid
A substance formed when a base gains H+.
Conjugate base
A substance formed when an acid loses H+.
Conjugate pair
Two substances that differ by one H+.
Buffer solution
A solution that resists changes in pH.
Buffer
A combination of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
Blood pH
Approximately 7.4.
Acidosis
Blood pH below 7.35.
Alkalosis
Blood pH above 7.45.
Antacid
A base used to neutralize stomach acid.
Acid rain
Rain with lower pH due to sulfur gases reacting with water.
Natural rain pH
About 5.6.
