Skeletal System: Overview and Functions

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the skeletal system, including bone functions, types, and processes.

Osteogenesis

The formation of new bone matrix, also known as ossification.

Osteolysis

The erosion or resorption of bone tissue, resulting in the release of stored minerals.

Periosteum

A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at their surfaces.

Compact Bone

Dense and hard bone; the functional unit is an osteon.

Spongy Bone

Bone with a porous structure; functional units are trabeculae.

Epiphyseal Closure

The process by which the epiphyseal cartilage is replaced by bone, marking the end of bone lengthening.

Calcium Homeostasis

The process by which the body maintains optimal levels of calcium in the blood.

Endochondral Ossification

Process where existing cartilage is replaced with bone, mainly seen in long bones.

Intramembranous Ossification

Formation of bone directly from mesenchymal tissue, mainly in flat bones.

Skeletal System Functions

Support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection, and leverage for movement.

Bone Remodeling

The continuous process of bone resorption and formation, adapting bone to stress and repairing microdamage.

Bone Fracture Repair

The process includes hematoma formation, callus formation, spongy bone formation, and compact bone formation.

Sesamoid Bones

Small, round bones found near joints; commonly referred to as kneecaps (patellae).

Irregular Bones

Bones with complex shapes, such as vertebrae and pelvis.

Long Bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, such as the femur and humerus.

Flat Bones

Thin, flattened bones, including the sternum and ribs.

Short Bones

Cube-shaped bones found in the wrist and ankle.

Sutural Bones

Small, flat, irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull.

Nutritional Factors in Bone Health

Calcium, phosphorus, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D are essential for bone growth and repair.