Islam monotheistic worldveiw religion founded by Muhamed Muslim one who summits Quran holy book of Islam said to contain Allahs revalations to Muhammed Ka'aba cube shaped shrine in Mecca designed as the house of Allah Allah Islamic name for God Muhammed last prophet of Allah hijrah flight or migrate ; Muhammed and 100 followers go to Mecca 622 Islam begins. They started their own calendar based on this date. 630 returns to Mecca is over thrown by Muhammed and Islam. Resistance is executed. Mecca center of Islam Abu Bakr first caliph after death of Muhammad Sunni Believe that religious and political should be seperated Shiites Believe that they should have boh religious and political power. Umar second caliph, expanded Islam all throughout Europe Uthman third caliph 732 Islam established in Africa, Middle East, Asia, started Battle of Tours ottoman empire most powerful empire