science chapter 2

I SWEAR WE JUST DID THIS AND ITS ON A MONADY

Technology

•  use of science to solve practical problems.  The development of technology is engineering. 

 engineering design process.

It has three main parts: defining the problem, designing a solution, evaluation the solution. 

Engineering Design steps

1. State the problem to be solved.

2. Determine the criteria and constraints of the problem.

3. Research and develop possible solutions to the problem.

4. Choose a design idea and make a detailed plan.

5. Build and test a prototype

6. Analyze the prototype and improve the design.

Criteria-

• the minimum characteristics that a design must have to function at all. They should be as detailed as possible. 

Constraints-

• any other characteristics (other than the criteria) that are required to solve the problem.  It could be size, cost, ease of assembly. Safety is also an important consideration. 

Tradeoff

•  giving up one characteristic that is less important than another that is more important. 

Prototype

•  a model of the design that is used for testing. 

Models

are anything that provides a partial representation of something else

Physical models

has the same shape and appearance as object it represents

Physical science

is the study of nonliving creation other than earth and space; it primarily deals with matter and energy.

 Matter

the substance of the physical world; anything that can be tasted, touched or smelled is matter. 

Inertia-

 the property of matter that makes it resist changes in motion.

force

(push or pull)

Energy

the ability to do work. Energy allows matter to change and cause changes.

Physical properties

does not change the type of matter

Mass

The amount of inertia an object has.

Weight

The amount of gravitational pull on an object.

Volume

The amount of space that matter takes up.

Density

The mass in a certain volume. How tightly packed the mass is in that certain volume. 

solid

Definite shape and volume.

liquid

Constant volume, no definite shape.

gas

No definite shape and volume varies.

Plasma

is the fourth state of matter. It’s a special type of gas that is present at extreme temperatures. 

Chemical change

changes the type and identity of matter. 

Physics

The study of interactions between matter and energy.

All other fields of science depend on a proper understanding of physics.