science chapter 10

update this is what will murder me (shrekaphone plays)

Astronomy

 the study of God’s creation beyond our atmosphere.

Solar Systems

 small part of a galaxy that includes a sun and all natural objects that orbit it. 

Orbit

circle around something due to gravity.

aristotle

popularized the idea that the universe was geocentric (earth-centered).

 Ptolemy

wrote Almagest convincing people of his views of geocentric universe for more than 1400 years.

 Nicolaus Copernicus

proposed the heliocentric system

what is the heliocentric system

 system where earth and all other planets orbit the sun. This explained the apparent backward motion of the planets because of the earth’s own movement.

who did Galileo agree with

copernicus

galileo

was the first to build a

 Ellipses.

Kepler discovered that the paths of the planets are not circles, but are symmetrical ovals

• Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion

• 1st law- every planet orbits the sun in an ellipse with the sun as one focus of the ellipse and an empty point in space as the other.

• 2nd law- as a planet moves closer to the sun, it travels faster; and as it moves farther away, it slows down.

• 3rd law- the farther a planet’s average distance from the sun, the longer it’s period.

perihelion

closet point to the sun

aphelion

farthest point from the sun

period

•  the amount of time a planet takes to complete its orbit.

Astronomical unit

 one AU is approximate distance between the sun and the earth. (93 million miles).

what is gravity

the force of attraction that exists between two objects

sir Isaac Newton used the study of what

gravity

Newton’s law of universal gravitation

the strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their mass and the distance between them. 

vacuum,

a space that does not contain any matter.

whats another name for planets and why are they called that?

wanderers, because they move independently.

what are the four inner planets

Mercury, Venus, earth, and mars

what are the four outer planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus 😏 , and neptune