Results for "goat"

DAIRY GOATS

goat breeds

Llamas/Alpacas and Goats

match sheep & goat breeds with chaarcteristics

true or false (sheep & goats)

Breeds of Goats

Goat Terminologes

Goat Terminologes

GoatArch_1_2_days | Quizlet

Breeding and Selection Breeding: the mating and production of offspring by animals. The activity of controlling the mating and production of offspring of animals Selection: the act of choosing something or someone from a group Geneus species of livestock European cattle- Bos taurus Zebu Cattle- Bos Indicus Swine- Sus Scrofa Sheep- Ovis Aries Horse- Equus Cabellus Goat- Capra Hircus Dog- Canis Familaris Cat- felis catus Principles of Breeding and Genetics Phenotype: the characteristic of an animal that can be seen or measured Genotype: the genetic makeup of an individual (DNA) Phenotype= Genotype + Environment Genotype= phenotype - Envoromet Selection: differently producing what one wants in a herd. Allowing only certain mating to occur. Inheritance: transmission of genes from parents to offsprings Basic Cell Information Chromosomes: in the nucleus and contains genetic material Gene: an active area in the chromosome that codes for trait DNA: complex molecule of the chromosomes which is the coding mechanism of inheritance Gametogenesis: Process that the gonads produce cells that become gametes(ova and sperm) Spermatogenesis: production of sperm Oogenesis: production of egg or ova Meiosis- special type of nuclear division in which germ cells contain one member of each chromosomes pair Fertilization: when an egg and sperm unite from embryo Each contributes one chromosome per pair to new life Homosygous: an individual whose genes for a particular trait are identical or alike Heterozygous: individual who possesses unlike genes for particular trait Dominant: a gene that overpowers and prevents the expression of its recessive allele when the two alleles are present in a heterozygous individual Recessive: a gene that its expression is masked by dominant allele Allele: gene occupying corresponding loci on homologus chromosomes that affect the same trait What traits should one select? Only traits that contribute to productive efficiency and consumer acceptance are of economic importance Ex: reproduction, growth(pre-weaning, post weaning) Basis of Selection Appearance Genetic abnormalities Estimate carcas merit Fit standard for herd Reproduction record Individuals records Progeny testing Pedigree family Factors affecting genetic progress Selection differential Heritability Genetic interval Accuracy of records Genetic correlation Number of traits in selection program Things to remember about traits Heritability: amount of the phenotypic expression of a trait that is transmitted to offspring (enviroments have big effect) (h2) Heterosis: the tendency of a crossbred individual to show qualities superior to those of both parents Generation interval The average age of the parents when offsprings are born The shorter the generation interval, the faster the genetic interval Selection Methods Tandem Selection: Selection for one trait at a time Least effective: mattes rapid gain in a single trait, but is slow to reach selection goal involving several traits Independant culling: establishes minimum culling levels for each trait makes SLOWER gain for each trait, but reaches goals faster. Most effective when few traits are involved. Selection Index: each animal is rated numerically by combining performance of several traits into a single index New Mexico Ram Test Selection Index Index=12 + 40 (ADG) + 30(CWF) + SL - 12 (DIA) - o.5 (VAR) All variables expressed as ratio of individual to the average ADG= average daily grain CWF= clean wool fibers SL= staple length DIA= Fiber diameter VAR= difference between dide and Britch Breeding Systems Purebred breeder: develop breeding stock that pocessess the highest predictability for transmitting the most desirable inheritance possible purebred animal: meets the requiramnets of a recognized breed and whose ancestors are registered in the herd book of that breed Breed: race or variety of livestock where the members are related by descent and are similar Purebred breeders may use: Linecrossing: crossing different lines or unrelated animals of the same breed, it is also used as outcrossing for outbreeding systems. It results in an increased heterozygosity and heterosis (offspring will not breed true). Heterosis: increase in production in the offspring over average of parents. Inbreeding: mating of related individuals( sires and dams share at least one ancestor) results in a increase of homozygosisty Inbreeding coefficient: measures of how inbred an animal is( the probability two genes of a pair in an individual will be homozygous because they are replicates of a single ancestor gene Coefficient ranges from 0-1. 0=no change, 1=absolute certenity Increase inbreeding usually detrimental to: reproductive performance, pre-weaning growth, post-weaning growth, increase susceptibility to environmental stress Commercial Producers: make use of available genetic material in a manner to maximize production or give most efficient, rapid and economical prodyction possible Systems used by commercial producers Species crossing- how many result in nonfertile offsprings Crossbreeding- mating animals of different established breeds and takes advantage of complementary and heterosis(hybrid vigor) oucrossing/ linerarcrossing- mating of unrelated animals of same breed Grading up- making purebred sires to commercial grade females and their female offspring for several generations Most common species crosses Jack to mare= mule Stallion to jennet= hinny Zebu to european cattle= brangus cattle American bison to cattle= buffalo Cross breeding system- designed to maximize hybrid vigor(heterosis) and produce replacement females throught the rotation of different sire breeds Terminal Static crossbreding system Produces replacement females throught the rotation while taking advantage of producing crossbred offspring Also know as “terminal crossbreeding system” Replacament females can be purchased from or produced in separate population Composiste breeding system Combines desirable traits of two or more breeds of cattle into one package Composition must be carefully planed in order to achieve genetic merit Utilizes hybrid vigor without crossbreeding Systems of mating Determied by: type of facilities, breeding schedule, method of heat detection, genetic program, market target hand/Stud mating Purebred breeders use to control breeding Females are kept apart from the males until desire time of breeding, Horse, Rabbit and Poultry advantages prevents overse of particule sire certainity of mating and to which Sire can increase conception rate by 5-10%. Disadvantages increases labor estrus detection becomes a seven-day a week job Pen mating Males and females coexist throught the breeding seasons or year rounds Used mostly by commercial breeders advantages Minimum labor Heat detection is the responsibility of the sire disadvantages Uncertainty of mating and date of conception Uncertainty of infertile sires and of un-bred females May overwork sires Artificial Insemination referred as AI Process by which semen from male is placed into the reproduction tract of the female using mechanical means rather than by natural source advantages Decrease spreed fo disease Increase number of offspring from superior male Identifies the fertility of sire Reduces number of sires needed Allows mating of small females to larger males Genetic diversity disadvantages Requires trained level of management Increases time and supervision of the female herd for estrus detection Sire training Semen handling and special breeding facilities More costly Embryo transfer Removal of early pregnancy embryos from a genetically superior female and placement of these embryos into reproduction tract of a suitable recipient for gestation and parturition Reproduction defined: process by which animals produce offsrpings for the purpose of continuing the species. The process of reproduction begins with copulation, which is the mating of a male and female of the species Sperm cells from the male are deposited in the female reproduction tract and try to unite with an egg cell When fertilization( a sperm cell and an egg cell units) occurs, an embryo begins The embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus where it is protected, recieves nourishment, and develops When the new offspring reaches the end of the gestation period, it is delivered from the female reproductive tract in a process called parturition

Aldabra Giant Tortoise Geochelone gigantea Description: Reaching up to 4 ft and over 700 lbs in size. Their shells range between light to dark brown with a visible neck plate that is not often found in other species of giant tortoises. Their necks are long and leathery to help adapt them to heat. Range: Seychelles (Aldabra Island) Habitat: Atoll islands-mangrove swamps, grasslands, and coastal dunes Diet: Largely herbivores, but may occasionally eat carrion or eggs if vegetable matter is not available. Weight: Males- 560 lbs; Females- 350 lbs Body Length: Second largest species of tortoise. Females can get up to 3 feet long, Males can be 4 feet long. Lifespan: Up to 100+ years Status: Vulnerable Predators: Giant Crab, Rats, Dogs, and Cats all prey on young tortoises, as well as compete for food. Threats: Habitat loss due to development, the introduction of nonnative predators (dogs, cats, rats) and livestock that compete for food (goats), and climate change, which leads to heightened sea levels and severe droughts. Relatives: They are a part of the Aldabrachelys genus, which is the taxonomic home of three giant tortoise species, two extinct species, and the extant Aldabra species. Breeding: Breeding season is from February to May. In courting, the male batters his shell against a female a dozen or more times and makes a deep, trumpeting call. The female buries 9 to 25 tennis-ball-sized eggs which incubate from 110 to 250 days. Reach sexual maturity between 20 to 30 years. Quick Facts: The GSC is home to two male Aldabra tortoises, Traveler and Jack. They may look a little different but that is because they have different shell morphotypes. This means that these two types of shells are adapted to a specific habitat. Aldabra tortoises with domed shells like Traveler are found in humid, cooler, and higher elevation habitats while saddlebacks like Jack are found in drier areas at a lower elevation. There are 3 extant subspecies of the Aldabra Tortoise: Aldabra giant tortoise (ours), Arnold’s giant tortoise, and the Seychelles giant tortoise. Daudin’s giant tortoise was the fourth subspecies but has been declared extinct. There are estimated to be over 150,000-200,000 individuals scattered about the Seychelles islands. It is believed that the oldest living giant tortoise is Jonathon, a 190-year-old Seychelle Giant Tortoise who was hatched around 1832 and resides on the Island of St. Helena in the British Overseas Territory. These tortoises can drink water through their nose, an adaptation that is useful in a mangrove environment. Despite their weight, these tortoises are able to stay afloat in water thanks to hollow honeycomb structures within their shell. In December of 2004, an Aldabra that had been washed away from the Seychelles made the 460-mile journey to the East African Shoreline (Tanzania). Aldabra tortoises are a keystone species that shape their habitat through seed dispersal. The closest relatives of the Aldabra tortoise are the tortoises of Madagascar. Scientists at the Galapagos Conservancy speculate that the ancestors of giant tortoises accidentally reached isolated islands by riding on rafts of plant matter. Conservation: Different species of giant tortoises were once found on a variety of equatorial islands. Unfortunately, over-collection for food by humans and the introduction of invasive species such as rats (which raid nests) and goats (which compete for food) drove all but 10 subspecies of Galapagos tortoises and 3 subspecies of Aldabra tortoises to extinction. It is important that these island ecosystems are carefully preserved as many are home to animals found nowhere else on Earth. Furthermore, Aldabra tortoises are helping to restore island ecosystems by being introduced to islands that have lost their native giant tortoise species. GSC Residents: Name: Traveler Date of Birth: ~December 2000 to December 2001 Sex: Male Origin: Donated from private owner October 13, 2005 Favorite Foods: Strawberries, tomatoes, bananas, watermelon Favorite Enrichment: shell scrubs Trained Behaviors: Target, scale, blood draw From the Keeper: He has a dome shell. This keeps Traveler from having the ability to reach up high like Jack can. Name: Jack Date of Birth: ~December 1989 to December 1990 Sex: Male Origin: Donated from private owner August 17, 2005 Favorite Foods: Tomatoes, strawberries, bananas, watermelon Favorite Enrichment: Shell scrubs Trained Behaviors: Target, scale, blood draw, station, color discrimination From the Keeper: He has a saddleback shell, which allows him to reach up farther for leaves and food. They can feel through the shells which are made up of keratin and bone. He is often mistaken for a rock or a statue for how still he stands at times. Facts about GSC Residents: Daily Schedule Fed main diet 3x a week, Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday. Fed browse every day. More active during the warmer weather. Will sleep, and browse throughout the day. Training Behaviors​ Due to the tortoises' immense size, we utilize several training behaviors to minimize stress on the animals and keepers. Our tortoises are target-trained, allowing us to direct them where we need them to go. Similarly, we are working with the tortoises on the Scale behavior, so that they will voluntarily walk up onto our scale for weighing. They are also working on foot/neck/poke behaviors. The foot behavior allows us to pick up their feet to see if they have any problems. The neck/poke behavior is for when we start drawing blood from their neck for health and wellness checks. Health History Sometimes get runny eyes due to dust, so we spray the ground with the hose to reduce dust. Favorite Story Jack is very sociable and loves to be scratched and rubbed. When we walk away, he will follow us wanting more

Goat anatomy

goats

Goat Breeds

Sheep/Goat Industry Vocab

Sheep and Goat Breeds

GOATS AND SWINE

HOSA Medical Terminology GOATED

Diseases of farm animals; Diseases of sheep and goats (small ruminants)

FFA Vet Science CDE (Goat Breed ID)