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PR1 QUIZ # 1 📚LESSON 1: 📑 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM - 📑 IDENTIFYING A RESEARCH PROBLEM - Studies always starts with a problem to solve - Read available source materials about your topic to identify what is already known and what is still unknown about your topic. 📑 SMART - Specific - Measurable - Achievable - Realistic - Timely 📑 RESEARCH QUESTIONS - guides the direction of your study 📑 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROBLEM - a research problem is considered to be qualitative when the nature of answering it is on making meanings from non-numerical information. - they focus on experiences, perceptions, and meaning rather than numbers KEY CONSIDERATIONS IN FORMING RESEARCH QUESTIONS (AUFECK) 1. ALIGN WITH RESEARCH PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVES - your research must be relevant to your central issue - must be specific and answerable using qualitative (based on experience) methods 2. USE OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS - avoid yes/no or one-word answers - what, why, in what ways, describe, explain 3. FOCUS ON PARTICIPANTS' EXPERIENCES AND MEANING - encourage story telling - deep reflection 4. ENSURE FEASIBILITY AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS - research questions should be realistic given time and resources - avoid sensitive topics that require ethical clearance 5. CONNECT TO A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN - example : phenomenology, case study 6. KEEP IT CLEAR AND CONCISE - avoid jargon - avoid biased wording _____________________________________________ 📚 LESSON 2: SCOPE, LIMITATION, AND DELIMITATION 📑 SCOPE, LIMIT, AND DELIMITATION - defines the coverage of the study - avoids difficulties during conducting the research - boundaries that can affect the flow of conducting the research study 🧷 SCOPE - coverage of the study - general boundaries of the study - basis when setting up the delimitations CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING: (GPTTGT) 1. general purpose of your study 2. population involved in the study 3. time element and duration of the study 4. topics or ideas covered in the study 5. geographical details 6. theories and methods involved in the study 🧷 LIMITATION - uncontrolled - uncontrollable factors that can affect the process of conducting the study LIMITATIONS BASED FROM THE FOLLOWING: (GPTTPT) 1. general purpose of your study 2. population involved in the study 3. time element and duration of the study 4. topics or ideas covered in the study 5. geographical details 6. theories and methods involved in the study PERSONAL LIMITATIONS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (LTBF) 1. language barriers 2. time constraints 3. biases 4. financial or budgetary limitations 🧷 DELIMITATION - controlled - set by the researcher - boundaries - researcher delimitates - researchers manipulate - researchers' choice regarding what you will and won't try to achieve with your study _____________________________________________ 📚 LESSON 3: STATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY SIGNIFICANT FOR WHOM? (PARA KANINO?) - the ones who will be positively affected by the research WHY FOR THEM? - it justifies why the study is being conducted _____________________________________________ 📚 LESSON 4: SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 🧷POPULATION - large collection of individual - sample (smaller collection if individual) is taken here 🧷SAMPLE - individuals taken from the population to be studies TYPES OF SAMPLES 1. SUBJECTS - least participation - mostly used in experimental studies 2. RESPONDENTS - people who are surveyed 3. INFORMANTS - experts guiding a researcher, providing information 4. PARTICIPANTS - has the most participation - mostly in observation-based studies TYPES OF SAMPLING PROBABILITY SAMPLING - uses chance in choosing or selecting the sample of the study - mostly used in quantitative studies NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING - does not use chance in choosing or selecting the sample of the study - mostly used in qualitative research TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING 1. PURPOSIVE SAMPLING - researcher has pre-selected criteria in choosing the respondents - a "purpose" for choosing the sample of the study 2. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING - based on the researcher's convenience example: choose young professionals whom you already know 3. QUOTA SAMPLING - forms subgroups that contain specific characteristics that the researcher needs example: group the population into age groups (eg., 10-15 and 20-25) then, select five from each subgroup 4
Updated 32d ago
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General Purpose Roots
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(Draft) Classification Of Hand Tools Objectives: Know How To Classify The Different Hand Tools; Show Appreciation To The Importance Of Knowing How To Classify The Different Hand Tools. Hand Tool A Tool Held In The Hand And Operated Without Electricity Or Other Power. What Are The Four Types Of Handtools? Measuring Tools Cutting Tools Driving Tools Holding Tools Measuring Tools Is A Device Use To Measure A Physical Quantity. Cutting Tool A Tool For Cutting Driving Tool A Tool Used To Push (Drive) Another Object Into The Metal/Wood. Holding Tool A Tool That Firmly Holds Any Material Together. Measuring Tools Pull-Push Rule. Steel Tape. Steel Rule. Try Square. Combination Square. Micrometer Caliper. Vernier Caliper Dividers. Pull Push Rule This Flexible Rule When Extended Will Support Itself, But May Also Be Used To Measure Curved, Irregular Surfaces. Steel Tape It Is Similar To A Steel Tape Rule Except For Its Flexible Number Of Feet That Are Marked On The Tape. The Tape Is 3/8 Inch Wide And Available In Lengths From 25 To 100 Feet. Steel Rule This Is The Most Common Tool Used In Tool Room. It Is Made Of Tampered Steel About 1/8 Inch Thick And ¾ Inch Wide And 6 To 12 Inches Long. The Same Style Maybe Obtained In Length From 1 To 48 Inches. Try Square It Is An Instrument Used To Measure The Square Of An Object. Combination Square It Is An Instrument Combined With 45°, 90° And A Protractor. Micrometer Caliper It Is A Precision Measuring Instrument Used To Measure Dimensions In Thousandths Of An Inch. Vernier Caliper It Is A Precision Measuring Instrument Used To Measure The Inside, Outside Diameter, As Well As Depth Of Hole And Slot. Dividers These Are Used For Measuring Or Setting Of Distances, And To Lay Out Arcs And Circles. Cutting Tools Hacksaw. Files. Cold Chisel. Scraper. Punches. Hacksaw It Is A Tooth Cutting Tool Usually With A Solid And Adjustable Frame. The Main Parts Are Handles, Blade, Tightening Screw And Nuts. The Tool Is Mainly Used In Cutting Metals Like Plates, Pipes, Rods, Bars, Angular, Etc. But Of Minimal Thickness, Width And Length. Sometimes This Tool Is Used For Cutting Plastic Pipes And Other Materials That Suit To Its Purpose. Types Of Frames Frame. It Is The Main Body Of The Hacksaw Which Holds The Blade. A. Fixed Or Solid Frames Are Intended To Hold Only One Size Of Blade At About 10 Inches Long B. Adjustable Frame Is Frame That Can Be Adjusted To Hold Blades Of Different Sizes Such As 10, 12 And 14 Inches In Length. Fixed Or Solid Frames Adjustable Frame Types Of Blades Blade. It Is Made Of Thin, High Grade Steel Usually 1.27 Mm Thick And 30.48cm Long With An Inclined Row Of Teeth Serving As Cutter. A. All Hard In This Type, The Entire Blade Is Hardened And Tempered, Making It Very Brittle. Use This Type In Cutting Steel And Cast Iron. B. Flexible Back. In This Type, Only The Teeth Portion Is Hardened And Tempered, Making The Blade Springy And Less Likely To Break. All Hard Flexible Back Recommended Teeth-Per-Inch Of Blades For Different Kinds Of Stocks To Be Cut: A. 14 Teeth-Per-Inch. It Is Used For Brass, Aluminum, Cast Iron And Soft Iron. B. 18 Teeth-Per-Inch. It Is Used For Drill Rod, Mild Steel, Tool Steel And General Work C. 24 Teeth-Per-Inch. It Is Recommended For Thin Tubing And Pipe Files Files Are Made Of High Grade Steel Which Are Hardened And Tempered. Each File Has Rows Of Teeth That Form, Shape And Finish Metal By Removing Small Chips And Smoothing Rough Edges Of The Metal Surface. They Differ In Length, Shape, Cut And Coarseness. 1. Mill File A Single-Cut File Used For Filing And Finishing Brass And Bronze. 2. Flat File Is Usually Rectangular In Shape And Tapered Slightly In Width And Thickness. It Is One Of The Most Commonly Used Files For General Work. 3. Square File Is Intended For Filing Square Or Rectangular Holes. 4. Round File Is Used Primarily For Enlarging Holes 5. Half-Round File Is Used For Filing Curved Or Concave Surfaces. 6. Triangular File Is Used For Filing Surfaces That Meet At Least 90º. It Is Exclusively Used For Sharpening Wood Saws And For Smoothening Rectangular Opening. It Is Also Known As Threesquare File. Cold-Chisel A Wedge-Shaped Tool Used To Shear, Cut, And Chip Metal 1. Flat Chisel Is Used For Chipping Flat Surfaces; Cutting Off Rivets Or Metal Fasteners, Thin Sheets, And Small Bars; And For General Purposes. Its Cutting Edge Ranges From 13 To 25mm. 2. Cape Chisel Has A Narrow Edge Suited For Cutting Narrow Grooves Or Slots. 3. Diamond-Point Chisel Has A Diamond-Shaped Cutting Edge Intended To Cut Vgrooves. 4. Round-Nose Chisel Has A Round Nose Cutting Edge For Cutting Round And Semi-Circular Grooves. Scaper It Is Used In Removing Points, Burrs And Sharp Edges From Metal Surface And Similar Parts. This Tool Is Made Of Hardened Steel Of Various Shapes That Fit According To Each Purpose. There Are Bearing Scrapes, Flat, Sharper, Three-Connected Scraper. Punches These Are Used For Permanent Marking On The Surface Of Metal. Driving Tools Hammers Wrench Screwdriver Ball Peen Hammer It Is Used For Straightening Bending And Deforming Metals. It Has Two Faces. One Is Flat In Striking Cold Chisels And Punches. The Other Side The “Peen” Is Rounded For Bending And Shaping Metals. Ball Peen Hammer Generally Has A Wood Or Fiberglass Handle Measuring 10-16 Inches Long. Head Weight Ranges From 2-48 Oz. A 20oz Hammer Is Good For General Purpose. Chipping Hammer It Is Used For Removing Slag On Weld And With Two Faces, The Tapered From One Side And Round Pointed On The Other Side. Wrench It Is Used For Loosening And Tightening Light And Heavy Nuts And Bolts. There Are Different Kinds And Sizes Of Wrenches Designed According To Uses And Functions. 1. An Adjustable Wrench Has A Movable Jaw Which Makes It Adjustable To Various Sizes Of Nuts. A Heavy Type Of Adjustable Wrench Is The Monkey/Pipe Wrench. 2. Oxy Acetylene Wrench- A Type Of Wrench Used For Tightening Hose And Fitting Connection On Oxy-Acetylene Unit. 3. An Open-Ended Wrench Is One That Is Made To Fit One Size Of Nut Or Bolt. This Is The Most Inexpensive Type Of Wrench That Is Quite Efficient In Ordinary Situations. 3. A Closed-End Wrench Is Similar To A Single Ended Wrench, But As It Entirely Encloses A Nut, There Is A Little Danger Of The Wrench Slipping Off The Nut Or The Jaws Spreading Apart. 4. Socket Wrench Is A Tool With A Usually Interchangeable Socket To Fit Over A Nut Or Bolt. Screwdriver It Is A Hand Tool That Is Designed To Turn Screws. The Blade Is Made Of Steel, Attached To One End Of A Wooden Or Plastic Handle. The Other End Is Flattened To Fit Slots In The Heads Of Screws On Bolts. The Other Kinds Of Screw Drivers Are Called A Phillips Screw Driver And Helical-Ratchet Screw Driver. What Do You Think Is The Best Way To Keep The Metals In Place While Grinding Or Welding? How Can We Handle The Hot Surfaces Or Materials While Working In The Field Of Metal Works? Holding Tools Clamps Vises Tongs Clamps These Are Made Of Different Sizes And Appearance That Are Fitted To Its Purpose. These Devices Have Been Designed To Hold Work Securely Which Performing Skills Through Grinding, Bending, Fitting And Cutting Of Metals. 1. Toolmakers’ Clamp Is Used For Holding Small Parts Both At The Bench And At The Machine. This Tool Is Also Known As A Parallel Clamp. 2. C-Clamp Is An All-Purpose Clamp That Is Generally Used For All Kinds Of Work. 3. Drill Vise Is A Sturdy Steel Vise With Movable Jaw That Easily Goes Back Or Forth By Raising The Handle. 4. Machinist Vise Is A Work Holding Tool For Machining Activity. 5. Hand Vise V Block With Clamp Is Used To Hold Metal Stocks For Small Machining Operation. 6. Vise Grip Is A Tool Used To Grip The Stock Tight Enough To Hold The Object. 7. Tong Is Used To Hold The Metal To Be Forged And Must Be Held Securely While Working.
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