(Draft) Classification Of Hand Tools
Objectives:
Know How To Classify The Different Hand Tools;
Show Appreciation To The Importance Of Knowing How To Classify The Different Hand Tools.
Hand Tool
A Tool Held In The Hand And Operated Without Electricity Or Other Power.
What Are The Four Types Of Handtools?
Measuring Tools
Cutting Tools
Driving Tools
Holding Tools
Measuring Tools
Is A Device Use To Measure A Physical Quantity.
Cutting Tool
A Tool For Cutting
Driving Tool
A Tool Used To Push (Drive) Another Object Into The Metal/Wood.
Holding Tool
A Tool That Firmly Holds Any Material Together.
Measuring Tools
Pull-Push Rule.
Steel Tape.
Steel Rule.
Try Square.
Combination Square.
Micrometer Caliper.
Vernier Caliper
Dividers.
Pull Push Rule
This Flexible Rule When Extended Will Support Itself, But May Also Be Used To Measure Curved, Irregular Surfaces.
Steel Tape
It Is Similar To A Steel Tape Rule Except For Its Flexible Number Of Feet That Are Marked On The Tape. The Tape Is 3/8 Inch Wide And Available In Lengths From 25 To 100 Feet.
Steel Rule
This Is The Most Common Tool Used In Tool Room. It Is Made Of Tampered Steel About 1/8 Inch Thick And ¾ Inch Wide And 6 To 12 Inches Long. The Same Style Maybe Obtained In Length From 1 To 48 Inches.
Try Square
It Is An Instrument Used To Measure The Square Of An Object.
Combination Square
It Is An Instrument Combined With 45°, 90° And A Protractor.
Micrometer Caliper
It Is A Precision Measuring Instrument Used To Measure Dimensions In Thousandths Of An Inch.
Vernier Caliper
It Is A Precision Measuring Instrument Used To Measure The Inside, Outside Diameter, As Well As Depth Of Hole And Slot.
Dividers
These Are Used For Measuring Or Setting Of Distances, And To Lay Out Arcs And Circles.
Cutting Tools
Hacksaw.
Files.
Cold Chisel.
Scraper.
Punches.
Hacksaw
It Is A Tooth Cutting Tool Usually With A Solid And Adjustable Frame. The Main Parts Are Handles, Blade, Tightening Screw And Nuts. The Tool Is Mainly Used In Cutting Metals Like Plates, Pipes, Rods, Bars, Angular, Etc. But Of Minimal Thickness, Width And Length. Sometimes This Tool Is Used For Cutting Plastic Pipes And Other Materials That Suit To Its Purpose.
Types Of Frames
Frame. It Is The Main Body Of The Hacksaw Which Holds The Blade.
A. Fixed Or Solid Frames Are Intended To Hold Only One Size Of Blade At About 10 Inches Long
B. Adjustable Frame Is Frame That Can Be Adjusted To Hold Blades Of Different Sizes Such As 10, 12 And 14 Inches In Length.
Fixed Or Solid Frames
Adjustable Frame
Types Of Blades
Blade. It Is Made Of Thin, High Grade Steel Usually 1.27 Mm Thick And 30.48cm Long With An Inclined Row Of Teeth Serving As Cutter.
A. All Hard In This Type, The Entire Blade Is Hardened And Tempered, Making It Very Brittle. Use This Type In Cutting Steel And Cast Iron.
B. Flexible Back. In This Type, Only The Teeth Portion Is Hardened And Tempered, Making The Blade Springy And Less Likely To Break.
All Hard
Flexible Back
Recommended Teeth-Per-Inch Of Blades For Different Kinds Of Stocks To Be Cut:
A. 14 Teeth-Per-Inch. It Is Used For Brass, Aluminum, Cast Iron And Soft Iron.
B. 18 Teeth-Per-Inch. It Is Used For Drill Rod, Mild Steel, Tool Steel And General Work
C. 24 Teeth-Per-Inch. It Is Recommended For Thin Tubing And Pipe
Files
Files Are Made Of High Grade Steel Which Are Hardened And Tempered. Each File Has Rows Of Teeth That Form, Shape And Finish Metal By Removing Small Chips And Smoothing Rough Edges Of The Metal Surface. They Differ In Length, Shape, Cut And Coarseness.
1. Mill File A Single-Cut File Used For Filing And Finishing Brass And Bronze.
2. Flat File Is Usually Rectangular In Shape And Tapered Slightly In Width And Thickness. It Is One Of The Most Commonly Used Files For General Work.
3. Square File Is Intended For Filing Square Or Rectangular Holes.
4. Round File Is Used Primarily For Enlarging Holes
5. Half-Round File Is Used For Filing Curved Or Concave Surfaces.
6. Triangular File Is Used For Filing Surfaces That Meet At Least 90º. It Is Exclusively Used For Sharpening Wood Saws And For Smoothening Rectangular Opening. It Is Also Known As Threesquare File.
Cold-Chisel
A Wedge-Shaped Tool Used To Shear, Cut, And Chip Metal
1. Flat Chisel Is Used For Chipping Flat Surfaces; Cutting Off Rivets Or Metal Fasteners, Thin Sheets, And Small Bars; And For General Purposes. Its Cutting Edge Ranges From 13 To 25mm.
2. Cape Chisel Has A Narrow Edge Suited For Cutting Narrow Grooves Or Slots.
3. Diamond-Point Chisel Has A Diamond-Shaped Cutting Edge Intended To Cut Vgrooves.
4. Round-Nose Chisel Has A Round Nose Cutting Edge For Cutting Round And Semi-Circular Grooves.
Scaper
It Is Used In Removing Points, Burrs And Sharp Edges From Metal Surface And Similar Parts. This Tool Is Made Of Hardened Steel Of Various Shapes That Fit According To Each Purpose. There Are Bearing Scrapes, Flat, Sharper, Three-Connected Scraper.
Punches
These Are Used For Permanent Marking On The Surface Of Metal.
Driving Tools
Hammers
Wrench
Screwdriver
Ball Peen Hammer
It Is Used For Straightening Bending And Deforming Metals. It Has Two Faces. One Is Flat In Striking Cold Chisels And Punches. The Other Side The “Peen” Is Rounded For Bending And Shaping Metals.
Ball Peen Hammer Generally Has A Wood Or Fiberglass Handle Measuring 10-16 Inches Long. Head Weight Ranges From 2-48 Oz. A 20oz Hammer Is Good For General Purpose.
Chipping Hammer
It Is Used For Removing Slag On Weld And With Two Faces, The Tapered From One Side And Round Pointed On The Other Side.
Wrench
It Is Used For Loosening And Tightening Light And Heavy Nuts And Bolts. There Are Different Kinds And Sizes Of Wrenches Designed According To Uses And Functions.
1. An Adjustable Wrench Has A Movable Jaw Which Makes It Adjustable To Various Sizes Of Nuts. A Heavy Type Of Adjustable Wrench Is The Monkey/Pipe Wrench.
2. Oxy Acetylene Wrench- A Type Of Wrench Used For Tightening Hose And Fitting Connection On Oxy-Acetylene Unit.
3. An Open-Ended Wrench Is One That Is Made To Fit One Size Of Nut Or Bolt. This Is The Most Inexpensive Type Of Wrench That Is Quite Efficient In Ordinary Situations.
3. A Closed-End Wrench Is Similar To A Single Ended Wrench, But As It Entirely Encloses A Nut, There Is A Little Danger Of The Wrench Slipping Off The Nut Or The Jaws Spreading Apart.
4. Socket Wrench Is A Tool With A Usually Interchangeable Socket To Fit Over A Nut Or Bolt.
Screwdriver
It Is A Hand Tool That Is Designed To Turn Screws. The Blade Is Made Of Steel, Attached To One End Of A Wooden Or Plastic Handle. The Other End Is Flattened To Fit Slots In The Heads Of Screws On Bolts. The Other Kinds Of Screw Drivers Are Called A Phillips Screw Driver And Helical-Ratchet Screw Driver.
What Do You Think Is The Best Way To Keep The Metals In Place While Grinding Or Welding?
How Can We Handle The Hot Surfaces Or Materials While Working In The Field Of Metal Works?
Holding Tools
Clamps
Vises
Tongs
Clamps
These Are Made Of Different Sizes And Appearance That Are Fitted To Its Purpose. These Devices Have Been Designed To Hold Work Securely Which Performing Skills Through Grinding, Bending, Fitting And Cutting Of Metals.
1. Toolmakers’ Clamp Is Used For Holding Small Parts Both At The Bench And At The Machine. This Tool Is Also Known As A Parallel Clamp.
2. C-Clamp Is An All-Purpose Clamp That Is Generally Used For All Kinds Of Work.
3. Drill Vise Is A Sturdy Steel Vise With Movable Jaw That Easily Goes Back Or Forth By Raising The Handle.
4. Machinist Vise Is A Work Holding Tool For Machining Activity.
5. Hand Vise V Block With Clamp Is Used To Hold Metal Stocks For Small Machining Operation.
6. Vise Grip Is A Tool Used To Grip The Stock Tight Enough To Hold The Object.
7. Tong Is Used To Hold The Metal To Be Forged And Must Be Held Securely While Working.
Updated 733d ago