PR1 QUIZ # 1 📚LESSON 1: 📑 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM - 📑 IDENTIFYING A RESEARCH PROBLEM - Studies always starts with a problem to solve - Read available source materials about your topic to identify what is already known and what is still unknown about your topic. 📑 SMART - Specific - Measurable - Achievable - Realistic - Timely 📑 RESEARCH QUESTIONS - guides the direction of your study 📑 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROBLEM - a research problem is considered to be qualitative when the nature of answering it is on making meanings from non-numerical information. - they focus on experiences, perceptions, and meaning rather than numbers KEY CONSIDERATIONS IN FORMING RESEARCH QUESTIONS (AUFECK) 1. ALIGN WITH RESEARCH PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVES - your research must be relevant to your central issue - must be specific and answerable using qualitative (based on experience) methods 2. USE OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS - avoid yes/no or one-word answers - what, why, in what ways, describe, explain 3. FOCUS ON PARTICIPANTS' EXPERIENCES AND MEANING - encourage story telling - deep reflection 4. ENSURE FEASIBILITY AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS - research questions should be realistic given time and resources - avoid sensitive topics that require ethical clearance 5. CONNECT TO A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN - example : phenomenology, case study 6. KEEP IT CLEAR AND CONCISE - avoid jargon - avoid biased wording _____________________________________________ 📚 LESSON 2: SCOPE, LIMITATION, AND DELIMITATION 📑 SCOPE, LIMIT, AND DELIMITATION - defines the coverage of the study - avoids difficulties during conducting the research - boundaries that can affect the flow of conducting the research study 🧷 SCOPE - coverage of the study - general boundaries of the study - basis when setting up the delimitations CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING: (GPTTGT) 1. general purpose of your study 2. population involved in the study 3. time element and duration of the study 4. topics or ideas covered in the study 5. geographical details 6. theories and methods involved in the study 🧷 LIMITATION - uncontrolled - uncontrollable factors that can affect the process of conducting the study LIMITATIONS BASED FROM THE FOLLOWING: (GPTTPT) 1. general purpose of your study 2. population involved in the study 3. time element and duration of the study 4. topics or ideas covered in the study 5. geographical details 6. theories and methods involved in the study PERSONAL LIMITATIONS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (LTBF) 1. language barriers 2. time constraints 3. biases 4. financial or budgetary limitations 🧷 DELIMITATION - controlled - set by the researcher - boundaries - researcher delimitates - researchers manipulate - researchers' choice regarding what you will and won't try to achieve with your study _____________________________________________ 📚 LESSON 3: STATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY SIGNIFICANT FOR WHOM? (PARA KANINO?) - the ones who will be positively affected by the research WHY FOR THEM? - it justifies why the study is being conducted _____________________________________________ 📚 LESSON 4: SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 🧷POPULATION - large collection of individual - sample (smaller collection if individual) is taken here 🧷SAMPLE - individuals taken from the population to be studies TYPES OF SAMPLES 1. SUBJECTS - least participation - mostly used in experimental studies 2. RESPONDENTS - people who are surveyed 3. INFORMANTS - experts guiding a researcher, providing information 4. PARTICIPANTS - has the most participation - mostly in observation-based studies TYPES OF SAMPLING PROBABILITY SAMPLING - uses chance in choosing or selecting the sample of the study - mostly used in quantitative studies NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING - does not use chance in choosing or selecting the sample of the study - mostly used in qualitative research TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING 1. PURPOSIVE SAMPLING - researcher has pre-selected criteria in choosing the respondents - a "purpose" for choosing the sample of the study 2. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING - based on the researcher's convenience example: choose young professionals whom you already know 3. QUOTA SAMPLING - forms subgroups that contain specific characteristics that the researcher needs example: group the population into age groups (eg., 10-15 and 20-25) then, select five from each subgroup 4

Climate Change

Long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other elements of the Earth's climate system.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Emissions from human activities, especially from fossil fuel consumption, that primarily drive climate change.

Effects of Climate Change

Includes rising sea levels, more severe weather conditions, loss of biodiversity, and changes in agricultural productivity.

Mitigation Strategies

Approaches that involve reducing emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources to address climate change.

Adaptation Strategies

Practices focused on adjusting to minimize the impact of climate change.

Paris Agreement

A global agreement aiming to limit global warming to well below 2°C as a response to climate change.