Foundational Documents Flashcard Front: Federalist No. 10 Back: Argues for a large republic to control factions; pluralism prevents any one group from dominating. Flashcard Front: Brutus No. 1 Back: Anti-Federalist paper arguing against a strong central government; fears loss of liberty and state power. Flashcard Front: Federalist No. 51 Back: Separation of powers and checks and balances are necessary to prevent tyranny. ⸻ Key Supreme Court Cases Flashcard Front: Marbury v. Madison (1803) Back: Established judicial review—SCOTUS can strike down laws as unconstitutional. Flashcard Front: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Back: Affirmed federal supremacy and implied powers (Necessary & Proper Clause). Flashcard Front: United States v. Lopez (1995) Back: Limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause; federalism victory. Flashcard Front: Baker v. Carr (1961) Back: Opened the door to “one person, one vote” redistricting under the Equal Protection Clause. Flashcard Front: Citizens United v. FEC (2010) Back: Political spending by corporations and unions is protected speech under the First Amendment. ⸻ Key Concepts Flashcard Front: Separation of Powers Back: Division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising core functions of another. Flashcard Front: Checks and Balances Back: System allowing each branch to amend or veto acts of another branch to prevent overreach. Flashcard Front: Federalism Back: The division of power between federal and state governments. Flashcard Front: Participatory, Pluralist, and Elite Democracy Back: Models of democracy explaining different roles of citizens and groups in policymaking.
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