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Aldabra Giant Tortoise Geochelone gigantea Description: Reaching up to 4 ft and over 700 lbs in size. Their shells range between light to dark brown with a visible neck plate that is not often found in other species of giant tortoises. Their necks are long and leathery to help adapt them to heat. Range: Seychelles (Aldabra Island) Habitat: Atoll islands-mangrove swamps, grasslands, and coastal dunes Diet: Largely herbivores, but may occasionally eat carrion or eggs if vegetable matter is not available. Weight: Males- 560 lbs; Females- 350 lbs Body Length: Second largest species of tortoise. Females can get up to 3 feet long, Males can be 4 feet long. Lifespan: Up to 100+ years Status: Vulnerable Predators: Giant Crab, Rats, Dogs, and Cats all prey on young tortoises, as well as compete for food. Threats: Habitat loss due to development, the introduction of nonnative predators (dogs, cats, rats) and livestock that compete for food (goats), and climate change, which leads to heightened sea levels and severe droughts. Relatives: They are a part of the Aldabrachelys genus, which is the taxonomic home of three giant tortoise species, two extinct species, and the extant Aldabra species. Breeding: Breeding season is from February to May. In courting, the male batters his shell against a female a dozen or more times and makes a deep, trumpeting call. The female buries 9 to 25 tennis-ball-sized eggs which incubate from 110 to 250 days. Reach sexual maturity between 20 to 30 years. Quick Facts: The GSC is home to two male Aldabra tortoises, Traveler and Jack. They may look a little different but that is because they have different shell morphotypes. This means that these two types of shells are adapted to a specific habitat. Aldabra tortoises with domed shells like Traveler are found in humid, cooler, and higher elevation habitats while saddlebacks like Jack are found in drier areas at a lower elevation. There are 3 extant subspecies of the Aldabra Tortoise: Aldabra giant tortoise (ours), Arnold’s giant tortoise, and the Seychelles giant tortoise. Daudin’s giant tortoise was the fourth subspecies but has been declared extinct. There are estimated to be over 150,000-200,000 individuals scattered about the Seychelles islands. It is believed that the oldest living giant tortoise is Jonathon, a 190-year-old Seychelle Giant Tortoise who was hatched around 1832 and resides on the Island of St. Helena in the British Overseas Territory. These tortoises can drink water through their nose, an adaptation that is useful in a mangrove environment. Despite their weight, these tortoises are able to stay afloat in water thanks to hollow honeycomb structures within their shell. In December of 2004, an Aldabra that had been washed away from the Seychelles made the 460-mile journey to the East African Shoreline (Tanzania). Aldabra tortoises are a keystone species that shape their habitat through seed dispersal. The closest relatives of the Aldabra tortoise are the tortoises of Madagascar. Scientists at the Galapagos Conservancy speculate that the ancestors of giant tortoises accidentally reached isolated islands by riding on rafts of plant matter. Conservation: Different species of giant tortoises were once found on a variety of equatorial islands. Unfortunately, over-collection for food by humans and the introduction of invasive species such as rats (which raid nests) and goats (which compete for food) drove all but 10 subspecies of Galapagos tortoises and 3 subspecies of Aldabra tortoises to extinction. It is important that these island ecosystems are carefully preserved as many are home to animals found nowhere else on Earth. Furthermore, Aldabra tortoises are helping to restore island ecosystems by being introduced to islands that have lost their native giant tortoise species. GSC Residents: Name: Traveler Date of Birth: ~December 2000 to December 2001 Sex: Male Origin: Donated from private owner October 13, 2005 Favorite Foods: Strawberries, tomatoes, bananas, watermelon Favorite Enrichment: shell scrubs Trained Behaviors: Target, scale, blood draw From the Keeper: He has a dome shell. This keeps Traveler from having the ability to reach up high like Jack can. Name: Jack Date of Birth: ~December 1989 to December 1990 Sex: Male Origin: Donated from private owner August 17, 2005 Favorite Foods: Tomatoes, strawberries, bananas, watermelon Favorite Enrichment: Shell scrubs Trained Behaviors: Target, scale, blood draw, station, color discrimination From the Keeper: He has a saddleback shell, which allows him to reach up farther for leaves and food. They can feel through the shells which are made up of keratin and bone. He is often mistaken for a rock or a statue for how still he stands at times. Facts about GSC Residents: Daily Schedule Fed main diet 3x a week, Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday. Fed browse every day. More active during the warmer weather. Will sleep, and browse throughout the day. Training Behaviors​ Due to the tortoises' immense size, we utilize several training behaviors to minimize stress on the animals and keepers. Our tortoises are target-trained, allowing us to direct them where we need them to go. Similarly, we are working with the tortoises on the Scale behavior, so that they will voluntarily walk up onto our scale for weighing. They are also working on foot/neck/poke behaviors. The foot behavior allows us to pick up their feet to see if they have any problems. The neck/poke behavior is for when we start drawing blood from their neck for health and wellness checks. Health History Sometimes get runny eyes due to dust, so we spray the ground with the hose to reduce dust. Favorite Story Jack is very sociable and loves to be scratched and rubbed. When we walk away, he will follow us wanting more
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aperture The circular opening that limits the amount of light that can enter the camera- measured in f-stop numbers Bokeh Refers to the out of focus area of a photograph- from Japanese word meaning "haze" or "blur" Bracketing Taking a sequence of photos of the same scene at different exposure settings Composition what you see in a photograph and how the subjects are arranged contrast refers to the difference between the light pixels and dark pixels in a photo critique detailed assessment of someone's photograph Cropping Cutting out part of an image depth of field distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp and in focus DSLR A digital camera that combines the optics of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor exposure Determines how light or dark an image will appear- aperture, shutter speed and ISO are 3 factors that control this focal length The distance (in mm) between the center of a lens and its focus- can be changed by lens or zoom focus the process of adjusting the lens to find maximum detail and sharpness in an image Framing when something, usually in the foreground, surrounds and draws attention to the subject Golden Hour The time of day (usually the hour after sunrise or hour before sunset) that generally gives the best warm natural light for photographing hard light Strong light that casts strong shadows and bright highlights Histogram A graph of all the pixels present in an image ISO The number that determines the sensor's sensitivity to light JPEG Universal file format, small size and suitable to print and share Layers Parts of Photoshop file that keeps different parts of the design separate from each other. Leading Lines A photo composition technique in which real or imaginary lines in a photo lead the eye to the dominant element, primary subject or center of interest. Manual Mode A shooting mode on a camera that allows the photographer to set both the aperture and shutter speed, giving full control over the camera's exposure. negative space empty space around or between an object or a person in a photo Photoshop program used by many photographers to create or edit photographs and images. Pixel Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image. RAW Also called "digital negatives", this file format captures all image info from the sensor but must be converted to another format in order to print/send Rules of Thirds visually dividing the photo into thirds vertically and horizontally and placing the most important element along a line or where the lines intersect Shutter Speed the amount of time that the shutter is open- measured in seconds silhouette the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background- created with back light soft light light which has a soft edge and produces subtle shadows and tones; diffused White Balance The process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that the objects that are white in person are rendered white in your photo
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