Results for "doctors"

Armstrong Doctors

Short Answer Long Answer Topics Natural resources Renewable v non-renewable Flow resources Ecological footprint Types of Industry Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Basic v non- basic industries Multiplier effect Using Natural Resources Three Rs: Recycling, Reusing & Reducing How can individuals, government and industries rethink how they use resources? Industries in Canada (Key info) Forestry Farming Fishing Mining Oil & Gas Water Manufacturing Global Trade & Globalization Outsourcing Manufacturing towns 7 factors for manufacturing Free trade Tariff, Protectionism US- Canada Trade, USMCA (formally NAFTA) Disclaimer: All course material is subject to assessment content. The guide helps to focus on key topics. Natural Resources: Renewable V Non-renewable: (Definition) Renewable resources: resources that can be regenerated if used carefully. Ex. Solar energy, Wind energy, Water (hydropower), Geothermal energy, Biomass (plants/wood). (Definition) Non - Renewable resources: resources that are limited and cannot be replaced once they are used up. Coal, Oil, Natural gas, Nuclear fuel (uranium), Metals like copper or iron (they exist in limited amounts). (Definition) Flow Resources: resources that are replaced by natural actions and must be used when and where they occur or be lost. Ex. Sunlight, Wind, Flowing water (rivers), Ocean waves, Tides. Ecological footprint: Definition: An ecological footprint is the amount of land and resources needed to support how people live. Key Points: It includes how much energy, food, and water people use. More consumption means a bigger footprint. A smaller footprint is better for the environment. Types Of Industry: Primary Industry: (also called extractive industry) an industry that focuses on producing or extracting natural resources. This sector includes forest industries, agriculture, mining, and fishing. Ex. Farming, Fishing, Mining, Forestry (logging), Oil and gas extraction. Secondary Industry: an industry that focuses on making things using the products of primary industries. This sector includes manufacturing, construction, and utilities (the provision and distribution of electricity, water, natural gas, etc.). Ex. Car manufacturing,Food processing (factories), Construction (building houses), Clothing factories, Steel production. Tertiary Industry: (also called service or services-providing industry) an industry that focuses on providing services. This sector includes “everything else” that is not included in the primary and secondary industries. Ex.Teaching, Healthcare (doctors, nurses), Retail workers (stores), Transportation (bus drivers, taxi drivers), Restaurants and food services. Quaternary Industry: Special kinds of services--highly specialized knowledge- based or technological services. Research and development departments, computer programmers, accountants etc. Examples include research and development departments, computer programmers, accountants etc. OR Ex. Research and development (scientists in labs), Computer programming / software development, Accountants and financial analysts, Data analysis / big data specialists, Scientific consulting or technical advisory services. Basic V Non-basic Industries: (Definition) Basic Industry: A job that brings money into an economy from somewhere else. Example: manufacturing something in your hometown then selling it somewhere else (Definition) Non-basic Industry: A job that circulates money within an economy. Example: getting your haircut at a local barber (Definition) Multiplier Effect: the increase in total wealth or income that occurs when raw money is injected into an economy. Using Natural Resources: The Three Rs: Recycling, Reusing & Reducing: Reducing: The item is neither purchased nor produced in the first place. Fewer new items are produced. AMOUNT OF RESOURCE SAVINGS: MOST Reusing: The item is used by someone else when you no longer want it. The environmental cost of manufacturing the item is avoided. AMOUNT OF RESOURCE SAVINGS: MORE Recycling: The item is destroyed when you no longer want it, but the material in the item is recovered for reuse. The environmental cost of obtaining the raw materials for the item is avoided. AMOUNT OF RESOURCE SAVINGS: SOME None of the 3Rs: The item is taken to a landfill or burned in an incinerator. AMOUNT OF RESOURCE SAVINGS: NONE How can individuals, government and industries rethink how they use resources?: People, governments, and industries can use resources wisely through choices, laws, incentives, and technology to reduce waste, protect the environment, and improve life Industries In Canada (Key Info): Forestry: Forestry = managing forests for resources and sustainability Covers 32% of Canada, mainly Boreal Forest Challenges: climate change and wildfires Farming: Farming is renewable with sustainable practices Prairies = grains; Ontario = fruits/vegetables/livestock; Quebec = dairy/mixed Challenges: soil loss, erosion, farmland loss, climate change Fishing: Fishing is renewable and important for jobs and food Found on coasts, inland, and Arctic regions Challenges: overfishing; solutions: sustainable practices Mining: Minerals are non-renewable and essential for technology Canada develops partnerships to secure critical minerals Sustainable use meets needs while reducing environmental impact Oil & Gas: Non-renewable: oil, gas, coal; cause greenhouse gases Oil = West Canada; Gas = BC; Coal = 300 million years old Renewable: wind, solar, hydro; more sustainable Water: Fresh water is drinkable, used for farming, industry, and energy Makes up ~2.5–3% of the world’s water and is renewable via the water cycle Canada has over 2 million lakes/rivers, with ~9% of the world’s freshwater Manufacturing: Outsourcing: Definition: Outsourcing is when a company moves part of its operation (e.g., manufacturing or IT support) to another country to take advantage of cheaper labour costs and/or less stringent labour and environmental controls. How does Outsourcing Impact the Canadian labour market?: It impacts the Canadian labour market because it eliminates jobs in Canada because companies move to other countries for cheaper labour. Manufacturing Towns: Definition: A Manufacturing Town is a town that develops primarily because of factories and manufacturing industries. Key Points: People move there for jobs in factories. The town’s economy depends on manufacturing. Often located near raw materials, transportation, or customers to make production easier. 7 Factors for Manufacturing: Factor: Location of Customers Key Takeaways: Companies prefer being close to customers Ensure deliveries arrive on time JIT helps deliver packages on schedule Factor: Proximity to Raw Materials Key Takeaways: Some prefer being near raw materials Raw materials are bulkier than finished goods Processed/frozen products are easier to ship Factor: Availability of Fresh Water and/or Power Key Takeaways: Reliable water and power needed for all manufacturers Aluminum production needs lots of cheap electricity Factor: Labour Supply Key Takeaways: Many products come from China or Bangladesh Skilled workers preferred over many unskilled workers Factor: Transportation Key Takeaways: Effective transportation needed for raw materials and products Method depends on speed and type of goods Factor: Political Factors Key Takeaways: Governments at all levels can influence location Financial incentives may encourage companies to locate in certain areas Factor: Circumstance Key Takeaways: Not all location decisions are logical Factors often focus on minimizing costs and improving efficiency Global Trade & Globalization: Free Trade: Definition: International trade without tariffs or other barriers to trade. Tariff, Protectionism: Tariff Protectionism means using tariffs (taxes on imports) to protect local businesses from foreign competition. Definitions: Tariff: A tax applied to imported goods that is designed to protect domestic manufacturers by making foreign goods more expensive. Protectionism: Protecting local industries, often by making imports more expensive. So together, it’s charging taxes on imports to help local businesses compete. US- Canada Trade, USMCA (formally NAFTA): Mr. Trump signed an updated trade deal called the Canada-United States- Mexico Agreement (CUSMA). CUSMA made it easier and cheaper for the three countries to trade goods and services. CUSMA makes trade cheaper between Canada, U.S., and Mexico Canada and U.S. are major trading partners; most Canadians live near the border Tariffs can backfire, hurting both economies and jobs (NAFTA INFO): NAFTA= trade deal between Canada, U.S, and Mexico that made trading goods and services easier and cheaper; replaced by CUSMA

Doctors / Hospital

What is equipoise in clinical trials? Real uncertainty among medical experts about which treatment works best. Why is equipoise important for clinical trials? It ensures that trials are ethical and that patients are not knowingly given inferior treatments. What happens if researchers know one treatment is clearly better? It is unethical to randomize patients, as it would harm them. What is individual equipoise? A single doctor is unsure about which treatment is better. What is clinical equipoise? The medical community as a whole is unsure about which treatment is superior. What did Freedman argue about the old view of equipoise? He argued that it is acceptable for individual doctors to have preferences as long as the expert community disagrees overall. When must a clinical trial stop? When strong evidence shows that one treatment is better than the others. What are multi-arm trials? Trials that compare multiple treatments, requiring equipoise among all options. What tension exists in clinical trials regarding patient care? The tension between the need for randomization in research and the desire to provide the best care for patients. What is the response to critics who say equipoise slows research? Freedman argues that ethics is more important than the speed of research. What is the problem with randomization starting at the first patient? It can be difficult due to changing opinions and preferences of doctors throughout the trial. What is the 'counsel of desperation' according to Freedman? Suggestions to abandon equipoise for the sake of advancing medical knowledge. What does Marquis suggest regarding participation in clinical trials? He suggests a new kind of ethics that forces people into participating in medical research. What is theoretical equipoise? A perfect balance between two treatments, which is unrealistic due to inherent biases. How does Freedman view theoretical equipoise? He believes it is fragile and can be easily disrupted by any evidence or instinct. What is the bottom line rule for ethical trials according to Freedman? Only conduct trials when experts truly do not know which treatment is best. What happens if a trial lacks equipoise? The trial can collapse and fail, as seen in the breast cancer trial example. What is the significance of the breast cancer trial mentioned? It was stopped because the researchers were not in a state of equipoise. What is the ethical concern with giving patients inferior treatment? It is considered unethical to knowingly provide a treatment that is believed to be worse. What is the role of the medical community in establishing equipoise? The community must have honest disagreements about the effectiveness of treatments. What does Freedman say about the ethics of research? Ethics should never be sacrificed for faster results in clinical trials. What is the impact of personal opinions on clinical trials? Personal opinions can create bias and affect the ethical nature of trials. What is the challenge of maintaining equipoise during a trial? It can be difficult due to the evolving nature of medical knowledge and opinions. What is the ethical implication of abandoning equipoise? It risks losing the moral foundation necessary for conducting ethical trials. What does Freedman suggest about overly neat trials? They should only be conducted if experts are truly uncertain about treatment effectiveness. What is the consequence of having a clear preference among doctors? It can render a trial unethical if there is a consensus on which treatment is superior. What is the importance of randomization in clinical trials? It ensures fairness and helps eliminate bias in treatment assignment. What is one potential problem with patient consent in trials? Patients may refuse what the physician considers the best treatment.

What is the main idea of Howard McGary's article? The article discusses why many African Americans distrust the health care system and the importance of addressing this distrust for fairness and justice. According to John Rawls, what are primary goods? Primary goods are things that every rational agent wants, such as health care. What historical events contribute to African Americans' distrust of the health care system? Slavery, segregation, and unfair treatment in medicine, such as the Tuskegee Study. What is the Tuskegee Study? A study where Black men were not treated for syphilis, contributing to distrust in the health care system. What do some scholars believe about the concept of race? They believe race is a social construct that causes more harm than good, rather than a biological difference. Why is distrust in health care a problem? It leads to avoidance of doctors, delayed care, worse health outcomes, and increased costs. What impact does distrust have on societal stability? If people feel unjustly treated, society becomes unstable. How does racism in the past affect health today for African Americans? Many African Americans are poorer and sicker due to historical injustices. What biases might doctors have towards Black patients? Doctors may assume Black patients understand less or lack patience, leading to worse care. What is one suggested way to rebuild trust in health care? Increasing the number of Black health professionals to create a bond with Black patients. Why is it important for health care to feel fair to patients? Even if the system is fair, it should look and feel fair to maintain societal stability. What role do relationships between doctors and patients play in health care? Real relationships can help build trust and improve care quality. What is the bottom line regarding distrust in health care? Distrust is real and harmful; fixing it requires effort, resources, and honest discussion. What is a consequence of not addressing distrust in health care? Health problems and costs will worsen. What is one challenge in increasing the number of Black doctors? It requires significant changes in the health care system. How can doctors work to build trust with patients? By understanding the problem and allowing more time for patient relationships. What is the relationship between distrust and public/private institutions? African Americans distrust both public and private institutions with racist histories. What is a common argument regarding racism and current opportunities? Some argue that racism is a thing of the past and minorities should take advantage of current opportunities. What is a significant barrier to trust between different races in health care? It is hard for people of one race to trust people of another race without personal interactions.

Vocabulary -DOCTORS BY NATURE-

Keywords in context -DOCTORS BY NATURE-

doctors vocabulary

Doctors / Hospital

Ser vs. Estar (DOCTORS vs. HELP)

NHS & Doctors

How doctors are suddenly diagnosing adults with ADHD

types of doctors and medical specialists

Kartlar: Doctors by Nature - keywords in context | Quizlet

Kartlar: Doctors by Nature - Vocabulary | Quizlet

VCA VSV DOCTORS

English for medical students and doctors unit 1 i 5

DOCTORS

Doctors Vocab Spanish

Medicine - Questions relating to the role of doctors - the CAMP structure (need to be changed)