Lect 7 Fertilisation and Blastocyst Development

lect 9 Fertilisation and Blastocyst Development

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lect 8 Fertilisation and Blastocyst Development Notes

Blastocyst Morphology & Grading – Week 5 IVF Laboratory Technology

Name Brief description/function When is it formed? What is it derived from? What does it give rise to? Additional notes Blastocyst Mammalian version o

From fertilization to childbirth

embryogenesis and germ layers discussion continued) - **Sarco**: Refers to muscle; applies to products with the prefix "myo" or "sarco." - **Scleral**: Refers to hardness or hardening, highlighted by the sclera part of the eye. # Early Embryogenesis Review - **Fertilization Process** - Occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. - Leads to the development of a zygote which enters the uterus. - Formation of the **blastocyst**, a stage containing a blastocyst cavity filled with fluid. # Implantation - Definition and Importance - **Implantation**: Process where the blastocyst embeds into the endometrium (uterus lining). - Critical for establishing a successful pregnancy; failure leads to shedding of the uterine lining during menstruation. - Physiology of Menstruation - **Menstrual Cycle (Period)**: Shedding of the endometrial lining when implantation does not occur. - Anatomy of Endometrium and Development - The embryo, once implanted, signals the body not to shed the uterine lining. # Trophoblast to Placenta Transition - **Trophoblast**: The outer layer of cells in the blastocyst. - The first part to interact with the uterus during implantation. - Causes an acute inflammatory response, facilitating implantation by increasing blood flow and nourishment for the embryo. - Trophoblast eventually develops into the placenta, crucial for maternal-fetal nutrient exchange. # Germ Layers: Overview of Development - The **Germ Layers**: Formed from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst; critical for later embryonic development. - **Endoderm**: Connects to gut and respiratory systems; forms tubes inside the body that are very important for various bodily functions (digestive and respiratory tracts). - **Mesoderm**: Becomes muscle, skeleton, and other connective tissues; capable of differentiating into a variety of organ systems due to the nature of its cells (mesenchymal). - **Ectoderm**: Comprises outer body structures, including skin, hair, and the nervous system; initially paradoxical as it contributes to both skin and brain. # Gastrulation Process - **Definition of Gastrulation** - A process in embryonic development transforming a single layer of cells (epiblast) into three distinct germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). - **Mechanism: Ingression** - Describing the movement of cells through the primitive streak into new layers; crucial for establishing germ layers. - Ingression visualized with a sheet of paper analogy: folding, pushing through, and coming out on the other side, effectively changing that area of the paper (cells) into different layers. # Understanding the Formation of Germ Layers

Blastulation

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22 Human Reproductive: Fetal Development and Embryology

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Embryonic Development: Week 0 to Week 8