Results for "authority"

1 Edward IV Consolidating royal authority

Royal authority under Edward

Power and authority in the modern world

Chapter 5: authority and obedience

RELGION It is known more through legend than through fact. Full accounts of the Buddha’s life were not written down until hundreds of years after his death. What are the Three Jewels? The Sangha: community of monks and nuns (monastic) The Dharma: the teachings of the Buddha The Buddha Who do Mahayanists offer devotion to? They devote themselves to meditation full-time. Why is the koan practiced? It is used to break down thought patterns; it’s a verbal puzzle or riddle that’s not meant to be solved. Which sect of Zen Buddhism believes that enlightenment (satori) is instantaneous? The Rinzai believe that enlightenment is instantaneous. What are the two sects of Zen Buddhism? Rinzai: believes that enlightenment is instantaneous and that Zen training begins after one’s first enlightenment (satori) Soto: believe that enlightenment is a more gradual process. What are the Three sects of Buddhism that we learned about in class? Theravada: The Way of the Elders, original sect, “the Lesser Vehicle,” emphasis on meditation to attain enlightenment, found in southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. Mahayana: The “Greater Vehicle,” achieves enlightenment through meditation, central belief that Buddha would not pass completely into Nirvana until every person, every blade of grass had also reached enlightenment. Can also receive enlightenment like a gift from the Buddha. Offer devotion to Bodhisattvas (others who achieved enlightenment), also include the Zen tradition. Buddha-hood is more important than achieving Nirvana according to a Mahayanist Vajrayana: The “diamond vehicle,” found in Tibet, influenced by the Bon religion native to Tibet, seeks to acquire and channel energy to cut apart what binds us to this world (known as tantra). Which sect is the original Buddhism? Theravada is the original sect of Buddhism. Which sect uses tantras to harness and channel energy? Vajrayana uses tantras to harness and channel energy. What are the three tantras? These practices to utilize energy include: Mandalas (art), Mudras (hand gestures), and Mantras (chanted syllables or prayers) In Zen Buddhism, is satori permanent? No, it can be lost once it has been achieved, you have to keep working for it once you have it. What does dharma mean in Buddhism? Dharma is the teachings of the Buddha and is one of the three jewels. Is dharma the same in Buddhism as it is in Hinduism? No, in Hinduism its one’s righteous duty while in Buddhism its the teachings of the Buddha. Is Buddha a god? No, Buddha is a regular man. Is enlightenment a solitary process, not dependent on the divine? Yes, it is a solitary process; Buddhism does not depend on a revelation from the divine for its truths. What is the Sangha? The first Buddhist monastic community, both men and women. To be part of the Sangha one must understand that everything depends on something else. Everything is interconnected. Which sect is the Diamond Vehicle? Vajrayana is the diamond vehicle. Which sect is the Lesser Vehicle? Theravada is the lesser vehicle. Which sect is the Greater Vehicle? Mahayana is the the greater vehicle. Who practices the first five Precepts of Buddhism? All Buddhists must follow the first five Precepts of Buddhism. What are the four passing sights, which one gave Gautama hope? He meets a decrepit old man—had never seen old age, everyone gets old He sees a diseased man, “How can life be enjoyed, if disease is all around?” Encounters a corpse, witnessing death for the first time, “How do you continue to go on living if it only ends in death?” Finally he meets an ascetic, a religious man who chose to be homeless living a life of solitude and self-denial. This was the sight that gave him hope. Which class and status was Gautama born into? He was born a prince (Luxury; warriors) When (what did he discover) did Gautama gain enlightenment? He discovered the four noble truths To live is to suffer (Dukkha–means suffering) Suffering is caused by desire (Tanha in Pali) Suffering can be ended, brought about by the cessation of desire. End desire, end suffering. Have there been other Buddhas and will there be more? Yes How does a Buddhist attain salvation? Following the noble eight fold path. What did Gautama find when he looked deep inside himself? He became aware of his own previous lifetimes, seeing his death and rebirths and constant suffering. What are the Three Marks of Existence, and what do they summarize? Anatta: no self, no ultimate reality within Anicca: means impermanence/change, all things are changing, things always fleeting—person always unsatisfied Dukkha: means suffering, only real inevitability in life. What does taking refuge in the Three Jewels mean? Involves repeating a ritual formula 3 times. Amounting to a formal acknowledgement of the authority of the three Jewels and indicates a definite commitment to being a Buddhist The easiest way to describe the Noble Eightfold Path would be to say that it promotes a life of moderation which entails ongoing practices. How one frees oneself from desire What is NOT a part of the Noble Eightfold Path? Which sect of Buddhism comes from the Indian dhyana tradition which means meditation? Zen Buddhism What is the largest division of Buddhism? Mahayana Which sect is also known as Tibetan Buddhism? Vajrayana What is the Awakened One? The Buddha Which sect is known as the school of Sudden Awakening? Zen Buddhism (rinzai) Eternal Bliss in Buddhism is called? Nirvana Who is the Head of the Vajrayana Buddhist clergy? Dalai Lama What are choreographed hand movements in Buddhism called? Mudras What is zazen? Posture; lotus position with half opened eyes directed downward What is the Dokusan? Monks meet with their teachers who pose a koan to them. What is a mantra? Chanted syllables or prayers (oommmmmm) What is a koan? Special riddle which is meant to free the person from the confines of logic. What are mandalas? Elaborate sand paintings created in a state of utter mindfulness What are the Four Noble Truths and what is the significance of these truths? To live is to suffer. The basic reality of life: Life is suffering (Dukkha–means suffering) Suffering is caused by desire. It is called “tanha” in Pali. Suffering can be brought to cessation, to an end. The cessation of suffering is brought about by the cessation of desire. End desire, end suffering. The solution for suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path. This is the remedy to cure suffering. Why does the Buddha condemn attachments, even between family members? Clinging to them is a source of suffering s

Core: Power and Authority in the Modern World

STUDIES: destructive obedience & authority

(Exam 3) The Crisis of Authority in the Church

explanations for legitimate authority

TOPIC 9: CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES (CIAP DOCUMENT 102)

Interstate Commerce and Federal Authority

3 TESDA as the authority in TVET

ACYTAXN: Powers and Authority of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue

Acculturation The process of adopting cultural traits from another society while still retaining one’s original cultural identity. Adherents People who follow, support, or are devoted to a particular religion, belief system, or ideology. Agnostic Someone who holds that the existence of a deity or ultimate reality is unknown or unknowable. Apartheid Institutionalized system of racial segregation and discrimination, most famously in South Africa (1948‑1994). Assimilation The gradual absorption of a minority group into the dominant culture, often leading to loss of distinct identity. Atheism The lack of belief in any gods or deities. Balkanization Fragmentation of a region or country into smaller, often hostile, political units. Bigot A person who is intolerant toward those who differ in race, religion, politics, etc. Blockbusting Real‑estate tactic that provokes panic selling by suggesting minorities are moving into a neighborhood. Branch (of a religion) A distinct subdivision within a larger faith (e.g., Sunni vs. Shia Islam). Colonialism Policy of acquiring political control over another territory, exploiting it economically, and imposing cultural influence. Caste system Hereditary social hierarchy that assigns status and occupation at birth (e.g., in India). Creole A fully developed language that arose from mixing several parent languages and now has native speakers. Cultural convergence Tendency for different cultures to become more alike through shared technology, media, and ideas. Cultural divergence Process by which cultures become more distinct from one another, often due to isolation or deliberate preservation. Dialect A regional or social variety of a language, differing in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. Ebonics African‑American Vernacular English (AAVE), a distinct dialect of English spoken by many Black Americans. Ethnic cleansing Forced removal or extermination of an ethnic or religious group from a particular area. Ethnic separatism Movement seeking political autonomy or independence for a specific ethnic group. Ethnic religions Faiths rooted in particular ethnic groups (e.g., Hinduism, Shinto, Yoruba) rather than universal proselytizing. Genocide Systematic, intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. Ghetto Densely populated, often segregated urban area, historically linked to a specific minority. Glocalization Adapting a global product or idea to fit local cultures and preferences. Hierarchical religion A faith organization with a clear top‑down authority structure (e.g., the Catholic Church). Ideogram (logogram) A written symbol that directly represents a concept or idea (e.g., Chinese characters). Imperialism Extending a nation’s power through colonization, military force, or economic domination. Islam Monotheistic Abrahamic religion founded on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad and the Qur’an. Isogloss Geographic boundary that separates different linguistic features (pronunciation, word choice, etc.). Karma Moral law of cause and effect in Hindu‑Buddhist traditions; actions influence future outcomes. Language branch Subdivision of a language family containing closely related languages (e.g., Romance branch). Language family Group of languages sharing a common ancestral language (e.g., Indo‑European, Sino‑Tibetan). Lingua franca A language used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native tongues. Literary tradition Body of written works, styles, and conventions that develop within a particular culture or period. Monotheism Belief in a single, all‑powerful deity. Multiculturalism Societal approach encouraging coexistence and respect for diverse cultural groups. Nationalism Political ideology emphasizing loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation, often seeking self‑determination. Nationality Legal relationship between an individual and a state (citizenship). Nativist Stance favoring the interests of native‑born inhabitants over immigrants; often opposes immigration. Official language Language granted legal status for use in government, courts, and official documents. Pilgrimage Journey to a sacred place or shrine undertaken for religious or spiritual reasons. Polytheism Belief in or worship of multiple deities. Romance languages Language family that evolved from Latin (e.g., Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian). Spanglish Hybrid blend of Spanish and English spoken in bilingual communities, especially in the U.S. Syncretism Merging of different religious, cultural, or philosophical traditions into a new, combined system. Syncretic religion Faith that incorporates elements from multiple religions (e.g., Vodou, Santería). Universal religion Religion that seeks to appeal to all humanity, often with a missionary impulse (e.g., Christianity, Islam).

Urban Civilization, Divine Authority, and Moral Philosophy in Ancient Texts

Core values - rejection of the state/authority

Obedience - Milgram’s research, the agentic state, legitimate authority, Authoritarian personality, Hofling et al’s study, Bickman’s study

Agentic State & Legitimacy of Authority

UNIT 1 - Authority figures | Quizlet

power and authority key vocab