Results for "Shells"

Introduction to Operating Systems and Their Functions

Aldabra Giant Tortoise Geochelone gigantea Description: Reaching up to 4 ft and over 700 lbs in size. Their shells range between light to dark brown with a visible neck plate that is not often found in other species of giant tortoises. Their necks are long and leathery to help adapt them to heat. Range: Seychelles (Aldabra Island) Habitat: Atoll islands-mangrove swamps, grasslands, and coastal dunes Diet: Largely herbivores, but may occasionally eat carrion or eggs if vegetable matter is not available. Weight: Males- 560 lbs; Females- 350 lbs Body Length: Second largest species of tortoise. Females can get up to 3 feet long, Males can be 4 feet long. Lifespan: Up to 100+ years Status: Vulnerable Predators: Giant Crab, Rats, Dogs, and Cats all prey on young tortoises, as well as compete for food. Threats: Habitat loss due to development, the introduction of nonnative predators (dogs, cats, rats) and livestock that compete for food (goats), and climate change, which leads to heightened sea levels and severe droughts. Relatives: They are a part of the Aldabrachelys genus, which is the taxonomic home of three giant tortoise species, two extinct species, and the extant Aldabra species. Breeding: Breeding season is from February to May. In courting, the male batters his shell against a female a dozen or more times and makes a deep, trumpeting call. The female buries 9 to 25 tennis-ball-sized eggs which incubate from 110 to 250 days. Reach sexual maturity between 20 to 30 years. Quick Facts: The GSC is home to two male Aldabra tortoises, Traveler and Jack. They may look a little different but that is because they have different shell morphotypes. This means that these two types of shells are adapted to a specific habitat. Aldabra tortoises with domed shells like Traveler are found in humid, cooler, and higher elevation habitats while saddlebacks like Jack are found in drier areas at a lower elevation. There are 3 extant subspecies of the Aldabra Tortoise: Aldabra giant tortoise (ours), Arnold’s giant tortoise, and the Seychelles giant tortoise. Daudin’s giant tortoise was the fourth subspecies but has been declared extinct. There are estimated to be over 150,000-200,000 individuals scattered about the Seychelles islands. It is believed that the oldest living giant tortoise is Jonathon, a 190-year-old Seychelle Giant Tortoise who was hatched around 1832 and resides on the Island of St. Helena in the British Overseas Territory. These tortoises can drink water through their nose, an adaptation that is useful in a mangrove environment. Despite their weight, these tortoises are able to stay afloat in water thanks to hollow honeycomb structures within their shell. In December of 2004, an Aldabra that had been washed away from the Seychelles made the 460-mile journey to the East African Shoreline (Tanzania). Aldabra tortoises are a keystone species that shape their habitat through seed dispersal. The closest relatives of the Aldabra tortoise are the tortoises of Madagascar. Scientists at the Galapagos Conservancy speculate that the ancestors of giant tortoises accidentally reached isolated islands by riding on rafts of plant matter. Conservation: Different species of giant tortoises were once found on a variety of equatorial islands. Unfortunately, over-collection for food by humans and the introduction of invasive species such as rats (which raid nests) and goats (which compete for food) drove all but 10 subspecies of Galapagos tortoises and 3 subspecies of Aldabra tortoises to extinction. It is important that these island ecosystems are carefully preserved as many are home to animals found nowhere else on Earth. Furthermore, Aldabra tortoises are helping to restore island ecosystems by being introduced to islands that have lost their native giant tortoise species. GSC Residents: Name: Traveler Date of Birth: ~December 2000 to December 2001 Sex: Male Origin: Donated from private owner October 13, 2005 Favorite Foods: Strawberries, tomatoes, bananas, watermelon Favorite Enrichment: shell scrubs Trained Behaviors: Target, scale, blood draw From the Keeper: He has a dome shell. This keeps Traveler from having the ability to reach up high like Jack can. Name: Jack Date of Birth: ~December 1989 to December 1990 Sex: Male Origin: Donated from private owner August 17, 2005 Favorite Foods: Tomatoes, strawberries, bananas, watermelon Favorite Enrichment: Shell scrubs Trained Behaviors: Target, scale, blood draw, station, color discrimination From the Keeper: He has a saddleback shell, which allows him to reach up farther for leaves and food. They can feel through the shells which are made up of keratin and bone. He is often mistaken for a rock or a statue for how still he stands at times. Facts about GSC Residents: Daily Schedule Fed main diet 3x a week, Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday. Fed browse every day. More active during the warmer weather. Will sleep, and browse throughout the day. Training Behaviors​ Due to the tortoises' immense size, we utilize several training behaviors to minimize stress on the animals and keepers. Our tortoises are target-trained, allowing us to direct them where we need them to go. Similarly, we are working with the tortoises on the Scale behavior, so that they will voluntarily walk up onto our scale for weighing. They are also working on foot/neck/poke behaviors. The foot behavior allows us to pick up their feet to see if they have any problems. The neck/poke behavior is for when we start drawing blood from their neck for health and wellness checks. Health History Sometimes get runny eyes due to dust, so we spray the ground with the hose to reduce dust. Favorite Story Jack is very sociable and loves to be scratched and rubbed. When we walk away, he will follow us wanting more

Mollusca Physical Specimens (Shells)

sub-shells and atomic orbitals

SHELLS

Music end of term shells test flashcards

Biology end of year exam - shells

Unit 1 - Atomic Structures and Properties

Shells II: 3 Hyper-curved Shells & Hypars

Shells: History, Conical & Umbrella Column Shells

MUSIC shells CA1

Asphalt from cashew shells

NC Sea Shells

Chapter Summary 2.1 The Importance of Chemistry in Anatomy and Physiology Chemicals are all around us. Household products such as soap and shampoo as well as food and medicine are comprised of chemicals. The human body is also made of chemicals. We begin our examination of anatomy and physiology with a study of basic chemistry. 2.2 Fundamentals of Chemistry Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. 1. Elements and atoms a. Naturally occurring matter on Earth is composed of ninety-two elements. b. Elements usually combine to form compounds. c. Elements are composed of atoms. d. Atoms of different elements vary in size, weight, and ways of interacting. 2. Atomic structure a. An atom consists of electrons surrounding a nucleus, which has protons and neutrons. The exception is hydrogen, which has only a proton in its nucleus. b. Electrons are negatively charged, protons positively charged, and neutrons uncharged. c. A complete atom is electrically neutral. d. The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in each atom. 3. Isotopes a. Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers (due to differing numbers of neutrons). The atomic weight of an element is the average of the mass numbers of its various isotopes. b. All the isotopes of an element react chemically in the same manner. c. Some isotopes are radioactive and release atomic radiation. 4. Molecules and compounds a. Two or more atoms may combine to form a molecule. b. A molecular formula represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule. c. If atoms of the same element combine, they produce molecules of that element. d. If atoms of different elements combine, they form molecules called compounds. 2.3 Bonding of Atoms When atoms form links called bonds, they gain, lose, or share electrons. Electrons occupy space in areas called electron shells that encircle an atomic nucleus. Atoms with completely filled outer shells are inert, whereas atoms with incompletely filled outer shells gain, lose, or share electrons and thus become stable. 1. Ionic bonds a. Atoms that lose electrons become positively charged (cations); atoms that gain electrons become negatively charged (anions). b. Ions with opposite charges attract and join by ionic bonds. 2. Atoms that share electrons join by covalent bonds. a. Nonpolar molecules result from an equal sharing of electrons. b. Polar molecules result from an unequal sharing of electrons. c. Hydrogen bonds may form within and between polar molecules. 3. Chemical reactions a. In a chemical reaction, bonds between atoms, ions, or molecules break or form. Starting materials are called reactants; the resulting atoms or molecules are called products. b. Three types of chemical reactions are synthesis, in which large molecules build up from smaller ones; decomposition, in which molecules break down; and exchange reactions, in which parts of two different molecules trade positions. c. Many reactions are reversible. The direction of a reaction depends upon the proportion of reactants and products and the energy available. d. Catalysts (enzymes) influence the rate (not the direction) of the reaction. 2.4 Electrolytes, Acids and Bases, and Salts Compounds that ionize in water are electrolytes. 1. Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions are acids, and those that release hydroxide or other ions that react with hydrogen ions are bases. a. Acids and bases react to form water and electrolytes called salts. 2. Acid and base concentrations a. pH represents the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH−) in a solution. b. A solution with equal numbers of H+ and OH− is neutral and has a pH of 7.0; a solution with more H+ than OH− is acidic (pH less than 7.0); a solution with fewer H+ than OH− is basic (pH greater than 7.0). c. A tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number in the pH scale. d. Buffers are chemicals that resist pH change. 2.5 Chemical Constituents of Cells Molecules containing carbon and hydrogen atoms are organic and are usually nonelectrolytes; other molecules are inorganic and are usually electrolytes. 1. Inorganic substances a. Water is the most abundant compound in the body. Many chemical reactions take place in water. Water transports chemicals and heat and helps release excess body heat. b. Oxygen releases energy for metabolic activities from glucose and other molecules. c. Carbon dioxide is produced when certain metabolic processes release energy. d. Inorganic salts provide ions needed in a variety of metabolic processes. e. Electrolytes must be present in certain concentrations inside and outside of cells. 2. Organic substances a. Carbohydrates provide much of the energy cells require and are built of simple sugar molecules. b. Lipids, such as triglycerides (fats), phospholipids, and steroids, supply energy and are used to build cell parts. 1) The building blocks of triglycerides are glycerol and three fatty acids. 2) The building blocks of phospholipids are glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. 3) Steroids include rings of carbon atoms and are synthesized in the body from cholesterol. c. Proteins serve as structural materials, energy sources, hormones, cell surface receptors, antibodies, and enzymes that speed chemical reactions without being consumed. 1) The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. 2) Proteins vary in the numbers and types of their constituent amino acids; the sequences of these amino acids; and their three-dimensional structures, or conformations. 3) Primary structure is the amino acid sequence. Secondary structure comes from attractions between amino acids that are close together in the primary structure. Tertiary structure reflects attractions of far-apart amino acids and folds the molecule. The amino acid sequence determines the protein’s conformation. 4) The protein’s conformation determines its function. 5) Exposure to excessive heat, radiation, electricity, or certain chemicals can denature proteins. d. Nucleic acids constitute genes, the instructions that control cell activities, and direct protein synthesis. 1) The two types are RNA and DNA. 2) Nucleic acid building blocks are nucleotides. 3) DNA molecules store information that cell parts use to construct specific proteins. 4) RNA molecules help synthesize proteins. 5) DNA molecules are replicated, and an exact copy of the original cell’s DNA is passed to each of the newly formed cells resulting from cell division.

Shells, sub-shells and orbitals

German vocab shells 1

16. Ditribution of Electrons in Various shells

Shells

Southwest Florida Shells

Aquatic science test over starfish, muscles, and shells