Shells: History, Conical & Umbrella Column Shells

Surfaces, plane

shell structures are composed of _______ that distribute loads in ______

When resisting evenly distributed loads

When do Shells have greatest efficiency?

When do shells not perform well?

Under point, gravity loads

The thickness dimension of a shell is less than _____

The length to width dimension

Coplanar

Existing in the same plane

Normal

Perpendicular to a given object

Shells act as both ____ and _____

Plates, members

Shells work in both _____ and ____

tension, compression

What materials are shells typically made of?

steel reinforced concrete

What are the 3 subsystems of shells?

Conical shells, hyper-curved umbrella column shells, 3 pointed hyper curved shells

Shells can tessellate on both _____ and _____ lines of growth

Horizontal, curved

Which shells systems can produce horizontal tesselations?

Conical shells, hyper-curved umbrella column shells

When did thin shell construction begin?

Early 1900s

A Conical shell base unit is formed from

A surface that is extruded perpendicularly to join two hyperbolic curves

What acoustic affect do Concave shells have

Focusing

What acoustic affect do Convex shells have?

Diffusion

A base unit of an Umbrella column shell is composed of ____

Surfaces which are derived from the extension

Torque

The measure of a force that can cause an object to rotate around an axis

What are key requirements of the column of an umbrella column shell?

It is polygonal in plan, it has footing

Anton Tedesko was an important historical figure in the development of thin shell structures as he brought which system from Germany to the US? 

Z-D system