Here are the key terms and definitions extracted from the document:
1. Crime-Scene Reconstruction: A method used to support a likely sequence of events through physical evidence and witness statements.
2. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA): The study of bloodstains to interpret the events of a crime scene.
3. Impact Angle: The angle at which a blood droplet strikes a surface, determined using the equation:

4. Surface Texture: A key factor in determining bloodstain characteristics, with harder, less porous surfaces resulting in less spatter.
5. Contact/Transfer Stains: Created when a blood-covered object comes into contact with another surface.
• Static Transfers: No lateral movement (e.g., handprints, footprints).
• Dynamic Transfers: Lateral motion occurs (e.g., swipes and wipes).
6. Swipe Pattern: Bloodstain resulting from the transfer of blood from a blood-bearing surface onto another surface, indicating motion.
7. Spatter Stains: Bloodstains dispersed through the air due to an external force.
• Expiration Pattern: Blood projected from the airways.
• Gunshot Spatter: Fine forward spatter from an exit wound and back spatter from an entrance wound.
• Arterial Spurt: Blood spurting from a damaged artery due to heart pressure.
8. Cast-Off Pattern: Blood flung from a blood-covered object in motion, commonly seen with weapons.
9. Void Pattern: A blank space in bloodstain deposition due to an object or person blocking the spatter.
10. Flow Patterns: Bloodstains created by the flow of blood under gravitational force, which can indicate movement.
11. Pool of Blood: Blood that collects in a level and undisturbed area, which can give clues about timing.
12. Altered Bloodstains: Bloodstains affected by external factors such as insect activity, clotting, diffusion, or cleanup attempts.
13. Documentation Methods:
• Grid Method: A grid overlay is placed on the bloodstain pattern for measurement.
• Perimeter Ruler Method: Rulers are placed around stains to provide scale in photographs.
14. Area of Convergence: The point on a two-dimensional plane where bloodstains originated.
15. Area of Origin: The three-dimensional space where blood was projected from, determined using string or laser methods
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