Results for "Commensalism"

Chapter 15- Mutualism and Commensalism

Chapter 15- Mutualism and Commensalism

Chapter 15 - Mutualism and Commensalism

Parasitism, Mutualism, and Commensalism

Ch.15 - Mutualism & Commensalism

Chapter 15- Mutualism and Commensalism

TREE CROP INTERFACE (TCI) Pos + neg inter. POS: Micro-climate amilioration Weed suppression Soil & water conversation Biomass & shading NEG: Light, water, nutrients completion Tree Animal Interface A. Pos. -shade of -manure -fodder B. Neg. -low quality fodder/tree -soil compaction because of trampling Commensalism 1 organism benefits from others without harming. Mutualism Two organisms benefitting from other Amensalism which one species is harmed or impeded and the other is unaffected. Paratism One benefitting and harming other Neutralism No effects at all Facilitation One species has positive effect but no contact Autoallelopathy Kiling of offspring plant by mother

1. Adaptation Of An Animal 2. Adaptation Of A Plant 3. Abscisic Acid 4. Actin 5. Amniotic Egg 6. Amylase 7. Angiosperm 8. Animal That Has A Segmented Body 9. Annelid 10. Anther & Filament Of Stamen 11. Arthropod 12. Archaebacteria 13. Autotroph 14. Auxin Producing Area Of A Plant 15. Basidiomycete 16. Batesian Mimicry 17. Biological Magnification 18. Bryophyte 19. C 4 Plant 20. Calvin Cycle 21. Carbohydrate – Fibrous 22. Cambium 23. Cellulose 24. Chitin 25. Chlorophyta 26. Cnidarian 27. Coelomate 28. Conifer Leaf 29. Commensalism 30. Connective Tissue 31. Cuticle Layer Of A Plant 32. Deciduous Leaf 33. Deuterostome 34. Dicot Plant With Flower & Leaf 35. Diploid Chromosome Number 36. Echinoderm 37. Ectotherm 38. Endosperm 39. Endotherm 40. Enzyme 41. Epithelial Tissue 42. Ethylene 43. Eubacteria 44. Eukaryote 45. Exoskeleton 46. Fermentation 47. Flower Ovary 48. Frond 49. Fruit – Dry With Seed 50. Fruit – Fleshy With Seed 51. Gametophyte 52. Gastropod 53. Genetically Modified Organism 54. Gibberellins 55. Glycogen 56. Gymnosperm Cone 57. Haploid Chromosome Number 58. Heartwood 59. Hermaphrodite 60. Insect 61. K-Strategist 62. Keratin 63. Leaf – Gymnosperm 64. Lepidoptera 65. Lichen 66. Lignin 67. Lipid Used For Energy Storage 68. Littoral Zone Organism 69. Long-Day Plant 70. Meristem 71. Modified Leaf Of A Plant 72. Modified Root Of A Plant 73. Modified Stem Of A Plant 74. Monocot Plant With Flower & Leaf 75. Muscle Fiber – Striated 76. Mutualism 77. Mycelium 78. Mycorrhizae 79. Myosin 80. Nematode 81. Niche 82. Nymph Stage Of An Insect 83. Parasite 84. Parenchyma Cells 85. Phloem 86. Pine Cone – Female 87. Platyhelminthes 88. Pollen 89. Pollinator 90. Porifera 91. Prokaryote 92. Protein – Fibrous 93. Protein – Globular 94. Protostome 95. Pteridophyte 96. R-Strategist 97. Radial Symmetry 98. Rhizome 99. Scale From Animal With Two-Chambered Heart 100. Spore 101. Sporophyte 102. Stem – Herbaceous 103. Stem – Woody 104. Stigma & Style Of Carpel 105. Tendril Of A Plant 106. Thorn Of A Plant 107. Unicellular Organism 108. Vascular Plant Tissue 109. Xerophyte 110. Xylem (copy)

1. Adaptation Of An Animal 2. Adaptation Of A Plant 3. Abscisic Acid 4. Actin 5. Amniotic Egg 6. Amylase 7. Angiosperm 8. Animal That Has A Segmented Body 9. Annelid 10. Anther & Filament Of Stamen 11. Arthropod 12. Archaebacteria 13. Autotroph 14. Auxin Producing Area Of A Plant 15. Basidiomycete 16. Batesian Mimicry 17. Biological Magnification 18. Bryophyte 19. C 4 Plant 20. Calvin Cycle 21. Carbohydrate – Fibrous 22. Cambium 23. Cellulose 24. Chitin 25. Chlorophyta 26. Cnidarian 27. Coelomate 28. Conifer Leaf 29. Commensalism 30. Connective Tissue 31. Cuticle Layer Of A Plant 32. Deciduous Leaf 33. Deuterostome 34. Dicot Plant With Flower & Leaf 35. Diploid Chromosome Number 36. Echinoderm 37. Ectotherm 38. Endosperm 39. Endotherm 40. Enzyme 41. Epithelial Tissue 42. Ethylene 43. Eubacteria 44. Eukaryote 45. Exoskeleton 46. Fermentation 47. Flower Ovary 48. Frond 49. Fruit – Dry With Seed 50. Fruit – Fleshy With Seed 51. Gametophyte 52. Gastropod 53. Genetically Modified Organism 54. Gibberellins 55. Glycogen 56. Gymnosperm Cone 57. Haploid Chromosome Number 58. Heartwood 59. Hermaphrodite 60. Insect 61. K-Strategist 62. Keratin 63. Leaf – Gymnosperm 64. Lepidoptera 65. Lichen 66. Lignin 67. Lipid Used For Energy Storage 68. Littoral Zone Organism 69. Long-Day Plant 70. Meristem 71. Modified Leaf Of A Plant 72. Modified Root Of A Plant 73. Modified Stem Of A Plant 74. Monocot Plant With Flower & Leaf 75. Muscle Fiber – Striated 76. Mutualism 77. Mycelium 78. Mycorrhizae 79. Myosin 80. Nematode 81. Niche 82. Nymph Stage Of An Insect 83. Parasite 84. Parenchyma Cells 85. Phloem 86. Pine Cone – Female 87. Platyhelminthes 88. Pollen 89. Pollinator 90. Porifera 91. Prokaryote 92. Protein – Fibrous 93. Protein – Globular 94. Protostome 95. Pteridophyte 96. R-Strategist 97. Radial Symmetry 98. Rhizome 99. Scale From Animal With Two-Chambered Heart 100. Spore 101. Sporophyte 102. Stem – Herbaceous 103. Stem – Woody 104. Stigma & Style Of Carpel 105. Tendril Of A Plant 106. Thorn Of A Plant 107. Unicellular Organism 108. Vascular Plant Tissue 109. Xerophyte 110. Xylem

Genotype: The genes that control a particular trait ex) homozygous dominant BB, heterozygous Bb Biological exponential growth: When resources are unlimited, a population can experience exponential growth, where its size increases at a greater and greater rate. Phenotype: The observable physical characteristics of an organism ex) purple flower Patterns of dispersion: The spatial distribution of individuals within a population is called dispersion. 1. Uniform distribution: Equidistant from each other, may result from social interactions such as competition and territoriality. Penguins! 2. Clumped distribution: Individuals are clustered together in herds/flocks Elephants! 3. Random distribution: Dominant: Trait is always expressed as the dominant trait if one connected allele is dominant. Species interactions: Competition (-/-) Predation (+/-) Mutualism (+/+) Commensalism (+/0) Parasitism (+/-) Recessive Adaptation: Process driven by natural selection, where a recessive trait becomes more prevalent in a population over time due to its beneficial effects in a specific environment. Codon: Sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid on mRNA. There are 64 codons for 20 amino acids. More than 1 codon can code for 1 amino acid. Nucleotides can be: A, C, G, U DNA: A nucleic acid of two linked strands wounded in a double helix shape. The helix shape comprises a backbone of deoxyribose sugar and phosphates that link the sugars together. The nitrogenous bases lie in the inside of the double helix, purines A and G pair with pyrimidines T and C. A-T C-G Anticodon: An anticodon is the complementary sequence to a codon in mRNA that is found in tRNA. Transcription DNA, mRNA (nucleus) Translation mRNA, tRNA, Protein (ribosome) Codon: AUG Anticodon: UAC Speciation: Process by which new species emerge from an existing one. Allopatric Speciation: Formation of new species due to geographic isolation, populations begin to differ from genetic drift. Sympatric Speciation: Formation of new species due to reproductive isolation from behavioral differences. Spontaneous generation: Simpler forms of life were generated from spontaneous generations…organisms can ‘spawn’ from nonliving matter. Logistic growth: Due to limiting factors within a population. The growth rate of a population will start high and then decline as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. Species Biotic vs abiotic = Living vs nonliving Levels of organization in ecology Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere DNA replication Population density: Population density is the number of individuals of a species per unit area. 10% rule: k Carrying capacity: Maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support indefinitely Limiting factor: A limiting factor is a factor that restricts the growth or survival of a population. Limiting factors can be either density-dependent (e.g., competition for resources) or density-independent (e.g., natural disasters). Density-dependent (due to its density) vs independent factors (regardless of its density) Interdependence: The interconnectedness of organisms in their surroundings and with the abiotic factors of their environment

Ecology: mutualism and commensalism

Chapter 15- Mutualism & Commensalism

Commensalism and pathogenesis

Mutualism, Commensalism, and Amenalism

Dependant/ independent variables Independent- The variable being manipulated Dependant- The observed result of the independent variable being manipulated 3 Domains Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Archae 3 Types of Relationships Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism Scientific Hypothesis an idea that proposes a tentative explanation about a phenomenon or a narrow set of phenomena observed in the natural world. Difference between Archea/ Bacteria Archaea consists of three RNA whereas bacteria consists of single RNA. Quantitative/ Qualitative data Quantitative data is numbers-based, countable, or measurable Qualitative data is interpretation-based, descriptive, and related to language. Homeostasis Balance of the body Controlled Experiment In a controlled experiment, all extraneous variables are held constant so that they can't influence the results. Difference between Hydrophobic/ Hydrophilic Any substance that repels water Any substance that has an affinity for water Protons/ electrons/ neutron Protons- a subatomic particle with a positive electric charge Electrons- a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either bound to an atom or free (not bound). Neutron- an uncharged atomic particle that has a mass nearly equal to that of the proton and is present in all known atomic nuclei except the hydrogen nucleus What a cation/ Anion Cations are ions that are positively charged. Anions are ions that are negatively charged. Isomers Chemical compounds that have identical chemical formulae but differ in properties and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule Picture of elements/ what's on valence electrons Valence electrons have negatively charged particles How many valence electrons are in shells 8 electrons What are examples of trace elements? zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo). Different types of Bonds Covalent Bonds- one or more electrons shared between atoms Non-polar covalent: electrons are shared equally between nuclei Polar covalent- electrons shared equally between the nuclei Ionic Bonds- one or more electrons transformed from one to another Hydrogen Bonds- a weak bond between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative oxygen atom Cohesion/ Adhesion Cohesion- the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind Adhesion- the sticking of molecules or surfaces to each other Radioactive Isotopes, Why are they used Radioisotopes are an essential part of medical diagnostic procedures. In combination with imaging devices that register the gamma rays emitted from within, they can be used for imaging to study the dynamic processes taking place in various parts of the body. Why is Water Important Water's role as a solvent helps cells transport and use substances like oxygen or nutrients. Properties of Water Water is polar Water is a solvent Water is less dense as a solid than a liquid What are reactions a process that converts one or more substances to another substance. .Why are trace elements important? function primarily as catalysts in enzyme systems What are Buffers Substances in the cells that help maintain a relatively stable pH What is the pH scale? a measure of how acidic/basic water is Find the molecular mass of something Atomic weight on the periodic table is equal to moles #/1m = x/ desired # moles Functional groups The shape of molecules directly affects their function Types of atoms, bonds A specific arrangement of atoms Difference between Hydraullisis/ Dehydration Dehydration- removes a water molecule from a new bond Hydrolysis- add a water molecule, breaking a bond Differentiate between Polymers/ Monomers A monomer is a molecule with low molecular weight that can combine with others of the same kind to form a chemical compound known as a polymer Different types of Proteins/ enzymes antibodies, contractile proteins, enzymes, hormonal proteins, structural proteins, storage proteins, and transport proteins Difference between plants and animals Plants are not mobile and animals are Cell membrane components Phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, lipid bilayer, membrane proteins

Chapter 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control

Community Ecology: Competition, Mutualism and Commensalism

Principles of Biology Vocabulary Part 1 (5'-cap to commensalism)

Chapter 5: The Living World: Ecosystems

Mutualism and Commensalism