Philosophy learning course
Episode one
•the three main branches of philosophy
-Metaphysics
-Epistemology
-Value theory
-the origins of philosophy mostly came from Ancient Greece.
-How to understand and evaluate world views
-logic
Episode two
-Aristotle once said that humans are the rational animal
-rationality sets us humans apart from other species, it is our distinguishing characteristic!
•Arguments and strong reasoning will not only make you a better philosopher, but it’ll also make you a more persuasive person.
•Tripartite soul: A theory from Plato
-Rational|Logical - seeks truth and is swayed by facts and arguments
-Spirited|Emotional - how feelings fuel your actions
-Appetitive|Physical Desires - drives you to eat, have sex, and protect yourself
-side note, philosophers, like me.. heh, love thinking about questions, especially ones that don’t quite yet have answers!
-use philosophical “wind sprints” as exercises in a way!
•Argument structures
-Premises help structure your argument, they’re used as a proposition to justify a conclusion. In deductive arguments, it says that if your premises are true, then your conclusion MUST be true!
-ex. : premise 1 - all humans are mortal.
premise 2 - Socrates is a human.
conclusion - Socrates is mortal.
-Entailments are when two things or more are taken together to entail an answer.
-ex. : premise 1 -> premise 2 -> conclusion/answer
The truth of the premises MUST lead to the conclusion!
-Validity is when an argument is well, valid, if the truth of the premises guarantees (entails) the truth of the conclusion.
-ex. : premise 1 -> premise 2 -> conclusion/answer says that Socrates was Plato’s teacher
The conclusion/answer is wrong because the previous premises do not entail that conclusion whatsoever, invalid!
-Validity is NOT the same as truth.
-Deductive soundness: Validity+All true premises
-An argument CAN be valid, but not logically correct
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