Mendelian Genetics and Test Crossing

These flashcards cover key concepts in Mendelian genetics, including inheritance of genes, dominant and recessive traits, and the use of Punnett squares.

What is the process that produces human gametes with just one copy of each chromosome?

Meiosis produces gametes with one copy of each chromosome.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

What are the different variants of a gene called?

Alleles are different variants of a gene.

What concept explains why children resemble their parents more than strangers?

Heredity explains why children resemble their parents.

What does true-breeding mean in genetics?

True-breeding describes a population where offspring consistently show the same trait.

What is Gregor Mendel known as?

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics.

What is the law of segregation?

The law of segregation states that each parent gives one of its alleles to each gamete during meiosis.

What represents the outward expression of alleles?

Phenotypes represent the outward expression of alleles.

What are dominant traits?

Dominant traits will mask the effect of recessive traits.

What is a test cross used for?

A test cross is used to determine the allele combination of a parent with unknown alleles.

How does a Punnett square function in genetics?

A Punnett square is used to identify possible outcomes for crosses between two organisms.

What happens during fertilization in terms of alleles?

During fertilization, one allele from each parent comes together in the zygote.

What are the two types of alleles Mendel described?

Mendel described dominant alleles and recessive alleles.

What is a trait?

A trait is a general feature of an organism, such as hair color or height.

What is the significance of alleles A and a in height?

A and a are two alleles that can lead to different outcomes for height in organisms.