AP EURO 4th Quarter objective exam

By late 1938, 1.5 million Japanese troops were bogged down in

China

Hitler's Mein Kampf included all of the following basic themes except

Land reform

The Nuremberg Laws

Deprived German Jews of their rights to citizenship

In July 1941, the United States cut off __ sales to Japan

Oil

How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian Empire in 1913?

They were approximately the same

Mussolini was expelled from the Italian Socialist party for

Urging Italian entry into WWI

The Grand Alliance included all of the following except

Italy

The decisive turning point in the clash between the Soviet Union and Germany came at the Battle of

Stalingrad

The Grand Alliance was cemented by all of the following policies except

The decision to exclude France from the Alliance

In the early 1930s, German chancellor Bruning tried to cope with the Great Depression by

Cutting government spending and squeezing down wages and prices

Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with the

Russian peasants

The term Final Solution refers to

The attempted extermination of European Jews by the Nazis

In the spring of 1943, the Allies followed up their victories in North Africa by invading

Sicily

Hitler's popularity was based on all of the following except

His establishment of equality for women

In June 1942, at the Battle of _, American pilots sank four Japanese aircraft carriers and established overall naval equality with Japan in the Pacific

Midway

In Stalin's Soviet Union, women

Were able to pursue professional careers

By spring __, the Bolsheviks had won the civil war

1921

Marshal Henri-Philippe Pétain

Headed the Vichy French government that made peace with the Nazis

On August 6 and 9, 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and

Nagasaki

According to historian Daniel Goldhagen, most Germans

were Hitler's willing accomplices in the Final Solution

Stalin's theory of socialism in one country

argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own

Lenin's _ (NEP) was a response to the dire conditions in the post-civil war Soviet Union

New Economic Policy

Among the objectives of Stalin's first five-year plan were all of the following except to

Russify the ethnic minority groups in the USSR

All of the following were factors in the success of Stalin's industrialization drive except

the skill of Soviet economists

The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922, largely because

the violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants

Stalin defeated ___ to take control of the post-Lenin Soviet Union

Trotsky

Stalin ordered the liquidation of the kulaks, the _, in 1929

better-off peasants

Mussolini began his political career as a __ party leader

Socialist

Under Stalin, Soviet workers had all of the following except

abundant housing

By 1950, __ percent of all doctors in the Soviet Union were women

75

Mussolini's used street violence as a tool for creating chaos and disorder.

Black Shirts

Britain and France finally confronted Hitler with the threat of war when he

used the pretext of German minorities in Danzig to threaten Poland

According to Hitler's New Order, the European race that was next to the Jews on Hitler's scale of subhuman was the

Slavic race

By 1945, Hitler and his Nazis had murdered

6 million

By the end of _, Italy was a one-party dictatorship under Mussolini's control

1926

In Vienna, Hitler learned important political lessons from the city's mayor

Karl Lueger

After the Lateran Agreement of 1929, ___ urged Italians to support Mussolini's government

the pope

In order to foster economic growth, the German minister of the economy, Ludwig Erhard,

emphasized free-market capitalism

After World War II, the Soviet Union

returned to the totalitarianism of the 1930s

_ Russians identified themselves with Russian nationalism and feared that greater freedom in eastern Europe would harm Russia

Hard-line

The strength of the Soviet government in the 1960s and 1970s was expressed in the __ of culture and art

flowering

U.S. president ___ committed the United States to landing a man on the moon

Kennedy

Conservative party figures ousted Khruschev from the Soviet leadership because of all of the following except

Khrushchev's readiness to let Soviet satellites leave the Warsaw Pact

The ultimate goal of Robert Schuman's plan for an international organization to coordinate coal and steel production in Europe was to

bind the members of the Common Market so closely that war would be impossible

Jews in Palestine proclaimed the state of Israel

when the British withdrew from Palestine in 1948

The European Common Market was created by the Treaty of

Rome

Following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon

gradually reduced American involvement in the Vietnam War

Changes in the structure of European society after World War II were primarily the result of

economic and technological transformation

The wave of social unrest that almost toppled de Gaulle's Fifth Republic was begun by

students

In 1958, General de Gaulle established the Republic in France

Fifth Republic in France

The growth of the middle class in the postwar era has been attributed primarily to

increased demand for technologists and managers

The leveling of European society was a product of all of the following except

increased immigration resulting from decolonization

represented the model for the new postwar middle class

Managers and civil servants

How was the Tet Offensive, launched by the Vietcong in January 1968, perceived in the United States?

As a decisive American defeat

In the 1920s and 1930s, built a mass movement in India preaching nonviolent noncooperation

Gandhi

The Helsinki agreement of 1975 called for

respect for human rights and the recognition of existing political boundaries

In the 1950s, the typical woman in the West

married early and bore her children quickly

In 1954, the were defeated by the forces of Ho Chi Minh

French

Over the course of the 1980s, the U.S. government debt

tripled

In 1956, Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the , provoking a military conflict with France and Britain

Suez Canal Company

According to the _ Doctrine, the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever it saw the need

Brezhnev

The founder of the National Organization for Women was

Betty Friedan

Following the failure of his program of nationalization and public investment in the early 1980s, French president François Mitterrand

was forced to introduce austerity measures

Margaret Thatcher did all of the following except

reduce British unemployment to near zero

In Great Britain, Margaret Thatcher's efforts to encourage low- and moderate-income renters to buy their apartments

created a new class of property owners

Between 1981 and 1989, Ronald Reagan and the U.S. Congress

cut taxes and ballooned the government deficit

Common goals of the women's movement included all of the following except

elimination of male-dominated governments

The essence of Willy Brandt's policies toward the Eastern bloc was

to seek peace and reconciliation

The signing of the _ Agreements in 1980 brought a temporary end to conflict between workers and the Polish government

Gdansk

Gorbachev's policy of involved greater openness in public discourse

glasnost

Poland differed from the other Eastern bloc states because

of its independent agriculture and vigorous church

The workers at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk demanded all of the following except

dissolution of the Communist party

Gorbachev's reforms included all of the following except

the breakup of collective farms

Helmut Kohl presided over the reunification of

Germany

According to the text, European societies in the early twenty-first century face all of the following problems except

rapidly declining living standards

The first President Bush's "___" was meant to feature a stable and cooperative relationship between the United Nations and the United States

brand new day

According to the text, economic shock therapy in Russia worked poorly for all of the following reasons except the

strength of the ruble on international currency exchanges

Vladimir Putin

was elected president of Russia in 2000

Terrorism and have gone hand-in-hand since the beginning of the twentieth century

Famine or epidemic

The German Red Army Faction is an example of the

second wave of terrorism

The Solidarity movement of the 1980s was led by

Lech Walesa

Western nations joined forces with the Afghani _ in the 2001 attack on the Taliban and al-Qaeda

Northern Alliance

The Maastricht treaty of 1991

set up a plan for creating a European monetary union with a single currency

The attempted coup by the communist old guard in the Soviet Union in August 1991 failed because of

massive popular resistance, rallied around Boris Yeltsin

In 1992, Francis Fukuyama declared that the world had arrived at

"the end of history."

During their struggle against the Soviet Union, bin Laden and like-minded holy warriors developed a hatred of all of the following except

Islamic puritanism

The Gulf War clearly revealed

American preeminence as the only remaining superpower

In __, President Bush and his advisers began to consider how to overthrow Saddam Hussein

2002

In 2002, the Bush administration new Security Council resolutions requiring Iraq to accept the return of weapons inspectors

pushed hard for

Rapid economic decline in 1992 and 1993 in Russia encouraged opposition to __ and his policies

Yeltsin

The successful reform movements in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic resulted from all of the following factors except

state control of strategic industries

Slobodan Milosevic's plan, which hastened separatism and civil war in Yugoslavia, was known as

Greater Serbia

The event that finally galvanized NATO action against the Bosnian Serbs was

the slaughter of several thousand citizens in Srebrenica

In 1993, Vaclav Havel presided over the spilt of into two countries

Czechoslovakia

The text argues that the decline of western European birthrates is due to

the entrance of married women into careers and the related drive for gender equality

It is estimated that between 1993 and 2003 illegal immigration into the European Union

rose from 50,000 to perhaps 200,000 per year

Gorbachev's encouragement of reform movements in Poland and Hungary was a repudiation of the Doctrine.

Brezhnev

Opposition to the Maastricht treaty was based on all of the following considerations except

the belief that the new currency would be easily manipulated and controlled by the United States

In the late 1990s, __ forces clashed with the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)

Serb

make up 60 percent of Iraq's population

Shi'ites