AP EURO 4th Quarter objective exam

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101 Terms

1
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By late 1938, 1.5 million Japanese troops were bogged down in

China

2
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Hitler's Mein Kampf included all of the following basic themes except

Land reform

3
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The Nuremberg Laws

Deprived German Jews of their rights to citizenship

4
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In July 1941, the United States cut off __ sales to Japan

Oil

5
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How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian Empire in 1913?

They were approximately the same

6
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Mussolini was expelled from the Italian Socialist party for

Urging Italian entry into WWI

7
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The Grand Alliance included all of the following except

Italy

8
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The decisive turning point in the clash between the Soviet Union and Germany came at the Battle of

Stalingrad

9
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The Grand Alliance was cemented by all of the following policies except

The decision to exclude France from the Alliance

10
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In the early 1930s, German chancellor Bruning tried to cope with the Great Depression by

Cutting government spending and squeezing down wages and prices

11
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Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with the

Russian peasants

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The term Final Solution refers to

The attempted extermination of European Jews by the Nazis

13
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In the spring of 1943, the Allies followed up their victories in North Africa by invading

Sicily

14
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Hitler's popularity was based on all of the following except

His establishment of equality for women

15
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In June 1942, at the Battle of _, American pilots sank four Japanese aircraft carriers and established overall naval equality with Japan in the Pacific

Midway

16
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In Stalin's Soviet Union, women

Were able to pursue professional careers

17
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By spring __, the Bolsheviks had won the civil war

1921

18
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Marshal Henri-Philippe Pétain

Headed the Vichy French government that made peace with the Nazis

19
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On August 6 and 9, 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and

Nagasaki

20
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According to historian Daniel Goldhagen, most Germans

were Hitler's willing accomplices in the Final Solution

21
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Stalin's theory of socialism in one country

argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own

22
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Lenin's _ (NEP) was a response to the dire conditions in the post-civil war Soviet Union

New Economic Policy

23
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Among the objectives of Stalin's first five-year plan were all of the following except to

Russify the ethnic minority groups in the USSR

24
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All of the following were factors in the success of Stalin's industrialization drive except

the skill of Soviet economists

25
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The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922, largely because

the violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants

26
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Stalin defeated ___ to take control of the post-Lenin Soviet Union

Trotsky

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Stalin ordered the liquidation of the kulaks, the _, in 1929

better-off peasants

28
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Mussolini began his political career as a __ party leader

Socialist

29
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Under Stalin, Soviet workers had all of the following except

abundant housing

30
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By 1950, __ percent of all doctors in the Soviet Union were women

75

31
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Mussolini's used street violence as a tool for creating chaos and disorder.

Black Shirts

32
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Britain and France finally confronted Hitler with the threat of war when he

used the pretext of German minorities in Danzig to threaten Poland

33
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According to Hitler's New Order, the European race that was next to the Jews on Hitler's scale of subhuman was the

Slavic race

34
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By 1945, Hitler and his Nazis had murdered

6 million

35
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By the end of _, Italy was a one-party dictatorship under Mussolini's control

1926

36
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In Vienna, Hitler learned important political lessons from the city's mayor

Karl Lueger

37
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After the Lateran Agreement of 1929, ___ urged Italians to support Mussolini's government

the pope

38
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In order to foster economic growth, the German minister of the economy, Ludwig Erhard,

emphasized free-market capitalism

39
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After World War II, the Soviet Union

returned to the totalitarianism of the 1930s

40
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_ Russians identified themselves with Russian nationalism and feared that greater freedom in eastern Europe would harm Russia

Hard-line

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The strength of the Soviet government in the 1960s and 1970s was expressed in the __ of culture and art

flowering

42
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U.S. president ___ committed the United States to landing a man on the moon

Kennedy

43
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Conservative party figures ousted Khruschev from the Soviet leadership because of all of the following except

Khrushchev's readiness to let Soviet satellites leave the Warsaw Pact

44
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The ultimate goal of Robert Schuman's plan for an international organization to coordinate coal and steel production in Europe was to

bind the members of the Common Market so closely that war would be impossible

45
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Jews in Palestine proclaimed the state of Israel

when the British withdrew from Palestine in 1948

46
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The European Common Market was created by the Treaty of

Rome

47
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Following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon

gradually reduced American involvement in the Vietnam War

48
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Changes in the structure of European society after World War II were primarily the result of

economic and technological transformation

49
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The wave of social unrest that almost toppled de Gaulle's Fifth Republic was begun by

students

50
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In 1958, General de Gaulle established the Republic in France

Fifth Republic in France

51
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The growth of the middle class in the postwar era has been attributed primarily to

increased demand for technologists and managers

52
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The leveling of European society was a product of all of the following except

increased immigration resulting from decolonization

53
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represented the model for the new postwar middle class

Managers and civil servants

54
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How was the Tet Offensive, launched by the Vietcong in January 1968, perceived in the United States?

As a decisive American defeat

55
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In the 1920s and 1930s, built a mass movement in India preaching nonviolent noncooperation

Gandhi

56
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The Helsinki agreement of 1975 called for

respect for human rights and the recognition of existing political boundaries

57
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In the 1950s, the typical woman in the West

married early and bore her children quickly

58
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In 1954, the were defeated by the forces of Ho Chi Minh

French

59
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Over the course of the 1980s, the U.S. government debt

tripled

60
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In 1956, Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the , provoking a military conflict with France and Britain

Suez Canal Company

61
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According to the _ Doctrine, the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever it saw the need

Brezhnev

62
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The founder of the National Organization for Women was

Betty Friedan

63
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Following the failure of his program of nationalization and public investment in the early 1980s, French president François Mitterrand

was forced to introduce austerity measures

64
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Margaret Thatcher did all of the following except

reduce British unemployment to near zero

65
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In Great Britain, Margaret Thatcher's efforts to encourage low- and moderate-income renters to buy their apartments

created a new class of property owners

66
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Between 1981 and 1989, Ronald Reagan and the U.S. Congress

cut taxes and ballooned the government deficit

67
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Common goals of the women's movement included all of the following except

elimination of male-dominated governments

68
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The essence of Willy Brandt's policies toward the Eastern bloc was

to seek peace and reconciliation

69
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The signing of the _ Agreements in 1980 brought a temporary end to conflict between workers and the Polish government

Gdansk

70
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Gorbachev's policy of involved greater openness in public discourse

glasnost

71
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Poland differed from the other Eastern bloc states because

of its independent agriculture and vigorous church

72
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The workers at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk demanded all of the following except

dissolution of the Communist party

73
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Gorbachev's reforms included all of the following except

the breakup of collective farms

74
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Helmut Kohl presided over the reunification of

Germany

75
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According to the text, European societies in the early twenty-first century face all of the following problems except

rapidly declining living standards

76
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The first President Bush's "___" was meant to feature a stable and cooperative relationship between the United Nations and the United States

brand new day

77
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According to the text, economic shock therapy in Russia worked poorly for all of the following reasons except the

strength of the ruble on international currency exchanges

78
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Vladimir Putin

was elected president of Russia in 2000

79
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Terrorism and have gone hand-in-hand since the beginning of the twentieth century

Famine or epidemic

80
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The German Red Army Faction is an example of the

second wave of terrorism

81
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The Solidarity movement of the 1980s was led by

Lech Walesa

82
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Western nations joined forces with the Afghani _ in the 2001 attack on the Taliban and al-Qaeda

Northern Alliance

83
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The Maastricht treaty of 1991

set up a plan for creating a European monetary union with a single currency

84
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The attempted coup by the communist old guard in the Soviet Union in August 1991 failed because of

massive popular resistance, rallied around Boris Yeltsin

85
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In 1992, Francis Fukuyama declared that the world had arrived at

"the end of history."

86
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During their struggle against the Soviet Union, bin Laden and like-minded holy warriors developed a hatred of all of the following except

Islamic puritanism

87
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The Gulf War clearly revealed

American preeminence as the only remaining superpower

88
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In __, President Bush and his advisers began to consider how to overthrow Saddam Hussein

2002

89
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In 2002, the Bush administration new Security Council resolutions requiring Iraq to accept the return of weapons inspectors

pushed hard for

90
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Rapid economic decline in 1992 and 1993 in Russia encouraged opposition to __ and his policies

Yeltsin

91
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The successful reform movements in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic resulted from all of the following factors except

state control of strategic industries

92
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Slobodan Milosevic's plan, which hastened separatism and civil war in Yugoslavia, was known as

Greater Serbia

93
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The event that finally galvanized NATO action against the Bosnian Serbs was

the slaughter of several thousand citizens in Srebrenica

94
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In 1993, Vaclav Havel presided over the spilt of into two countries

Czechoslovakia

95
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The text argues that the decline of western European birthrates is due to

the entrance of married women into careers and the related drive for gender equality

96
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It is estimated that between 1993 and 2003 illegal immigration into the European Union

rose from 50,000 to perhaps 200,000 per year

97
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Gorbachev's encouragement of reform movements in Poland and Hungary was a repudiation of the Doctrine.

Brezhnev

98
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Opposition to the Maastricht treaty was based on all of the following considerations except

the belief that the new currency would be easily manipulated and controlled by the United States

99
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In the late 1990s, __ forces clashed with the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)

Serb

100
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make up 60 percent of Iraq's population

Shi'ites