Sexual Disorders and Gender Dysphoria

A boy who consistently behaves in traditionally feminine ways is exhibiting which of the following?

gender nonconformity

A paraphilic disorder is defined as which of the following?

an attraction to inappropriate individuals or objects

A person who has a disorder of sexual desire is most likely to be characterized by which of the following?

having sex less than once per month

About 60% of men presenting for treatment of sexual dysfunction report symptoms of which disorder?

premature ejaculation

According to Lindau et al.’s research (2007), how common is sexual activity among older adults?

About 38% of males and 17% of women aged 75 to 85 reported past-year sexual activity with a partner.

According to the text, one of the largest and most consistent differences in sexual behavior for men versus women is which of the following?

Men are more likely to masturbate

According to twin research on gender dysphoria, what is the importance of genetics and the environment?

Heritability is around 60%

Charles gets very sexually excited by women's shoes. While he used to fantasize about women wearing particular shoes, he now focuses almost exclusively on the shoes themselves. Charles is deeply ashamed of his interest and it causes problems in his marriage. Charles has which of the following?

a fetishistic disorder

Children or young adults who experience sexual victimization are which of the following?

more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults

Cross-cultural studies of sexual behavior indicate that sexual practices are which of the following?

quite culturally diverse

Data from research on differences in sexual attitudes and behavior indicate which of the following?

Men are more permissive about casual premarital sex than women.

Development of sexual dysfunction can be viewed as a negative cycle that involves a variety of factors, since the typical case progresses in which of the following sequences?

Initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; concern about the dysfunction then leads to more dysfunction, and sex itself becomes associated with negative feelings.

Female orgasmic disorder is most accurately characterized by which of the following?

delay, absence, or decreased intensity in orgasm

Gender dysphoria is characterized by distress resulting from which of the following?

incongruence between sex assigned at birth and the individual’s internal experience

Gender identity appears to firm up and become relatively fixed by what age?

18 months to 3 years

Happily married couples typically report which of the following?

occasional sexual dysfunction that does not result in sexual dissatisfaction

How have differences in male and female attitudes toward sexuality changed over the past 40 years?

Differences have decreased.

How have gender differences in attitudes toward premarital sex changed over time?

Differences have been shrinking.

In addition to generally negative attitudes or experiences associated with sexual interactions, the most common psychosocial predictor of sexual dysfunction is which of the following?

Problems in interpersonal relationships

Izzie, who is 9, has expressed a transgender identity and Izzie’s family has adopted a wait and see approach. Which of the following are they most likely to do?

be supportive of Izzie and let their identity unfold naturally

Jace has been diagnosed with gender dysphoria. Based on this diagnosis, we can be most sure of which of the following?

Jace experiences distress or dysfunction because of an incongruence between their sex assigned at birth and their gender identity.

Lou was assigned male at birth and identifies as a man. Lou sometimes secretly dresses as a woman for the purpose of sexual gratification. Is Lou transgender?

no, because Lou was assigned male at birth and identifies as a man

Masters and Johnson reported that the use of sensate focus therapy for the treatment of premature ejaculation was effective in what percentage of the cases they treated?

almost 100%

Nakesha, aged 43, has never had an orgasm despite having masturbated and having sexual activity with others. This would suggest what type of sexual dysfunction?

psychogenic

Of the following, the individual most likely to receive an appropriate diagnosis of male hypoactive sexual desire disorder is

Fred, who has sex at least once a week to satisfy his partner, but would prefer to be left alone since he is rarely interested in sex.

Of the following, which individual most likely has a transgender identity?

Nahar, who was designated male at birth, but identifies as a woman

Of those identical (monozygotic) twins where one twin has same-sex sexual attraction, the other twin also has same-sex sexual attraction in 50% of cases. This means which of the following?

Genes are only one influence for sexual orientation

One of the most important skills that therapists must possess when conducting an interview regarding sexual behavior is which of the following?

demonstrating that they are comfortable talking about sexual issues

Our current understanding of the psychological causes of sexual dysfunction suggests that the primary psychological factor in sexual dysfunction is which of the following?

distraction

Population-based surveys indicate that, among 18- to 44-year-olds who report they have had heterosexual sex, which of the following is true?

more than 90% have had vaginal intercourse

Premature ejaculation is which of the following?

generally a result of perception of control rather than actual time

Psychophysiological assessment of sexual dysfunction is generally conducted by which of the following methods?

using a device that measures physical arousal during exposure to an erotic video or audio tape

Research suggests 50% to 80% of individuals taking which type of medication experience some degree of sexual dysfunction?

SSRIs

Sensate focus and non-demand pleasuring were designed by Masters and Johnson to treat sexual dysfunctions primarily through which of the following?

eliminating psychologically-based performance anxiety

Sexual arousal disorders are diagnosed when there is which of the following?

inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of lubrication in females

Sexual behavior surveys conducted with randomly selected 18- to 44-year-olds from representative populations of the U.S. suggest that what percentage describe themselves as heterosexual?

92% of women and 95% of men

Sexual dysfunctions are which of the following?

equally common regardless of sexual orientation

Sexual problems are difficult to diagnose under which of the following situations?

Dysfunction is present but the person is not distressed about it.

Shonda was given a set of dilators of gradually increasing sizes and instructed in their use. What is Shonda most likely receiving treatment for? 

vaginismus

Solomon is a man who is sexually attracted to men and has an identical (monozygotic) twin named Randell. The following statement is TRUE:

Randell is more likely than the general population to be sexually attracted to men.

The basic concept behind the covert sensitization method of treating unwanted sexual arousal is to do which of the following?

replace the immediate reinforcement of the behavior with the unpleasant consequences that ordinarily take longer to be experienced

The definition of fetishistic disorder is which of the following?

sexual attraction to nonliving objects

The effects of alcohol on sexual behavior can be summarized as which of the following?

Alcohol may increase desire but it decreases performance.

The following pairing is correct based on the ages most affected by the disorders:

inexperienced men - premature ejaculation; older men - erectile dysfunction

The original concept of performance anxiety as a cause of sexual dysfunction has been replaced with a more modern view that performance anxiety is comprised of which of the following?

arousal, cognitive processes, and negative affect

The prevalence of sexual arousal disorders appears to be which of the following?

much higher for men than it is for women

The social and cultural expectations that guide our behavior are called which of the following?

scripts

Treatment effectiveness studies of Masters and Johnson's sensate focus therapy have indicated which of the following?

Certain aspects of the treatment such as two therapists and daily therapy are not necessary.

What is known about the rates of transgender identity?

It occurs more frequently in those assigned male at birth than those assigned female at birth.

What is the main feature of sexual arousal disorders?

lack of physical sexual response despite desire for sex

What percentage of women report significant difficulty reaching orgasm?

25%

When stringent criteria are used, about what percentage of men between the ages of 18 and 59 have erectile dysfunction?

5%

Which of the following is a gender difference in sexual attitudes and behaviors?

Men are more likely to report more sexual desire and arousal than women

Which of the following is a known side-effect of drugs like Viagra?

severe headache

Which of the following is one reason that your text suggests questionnaires be used when assessing sexual behavior?

People may provide more sexual information in writing than during an interview.

Which of the following is true about gender nonconformity in children?

Gender nonconformity can be associated with negative consequences.

Which of the following is true of disorders of sexual development?

The disorders were formerly known as intersexuality.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about disorders of sexual desire?

For women, the prevalence of this disorder (female sexual interest/arousal disorder) decreases with age.

Which paraphilia is associated with a desire to inflict pain or humiliation on another?

sexual sadism disorder

Which statement about gender affirming surgery is accurate?

Most people are generally satisfied with the surgery

Which statement about people with disorders of sexual development is true?

They were born with ambiguous genitals.

Who will be most likely to have a sexual dysfunction?

Henry, who is 65 and once had a heart attack