Studied by 2 people
Alexander Kerensky
A Russian lawyer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government in 1917.
Alexei
The son of Nicholas II and Alexandra
Arctic/Permafrost
The Arctic refers to the region surrounding the North Pole
Bolsheviks
A faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party led by Vladimir Lenin
Boyars
The highest-ranking nobles in Russia before the 17th century.
Communists
Supporters or members of the political ideology advocating for the establishment of a classless society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole.
Czar
The title of the ruler in the Russian Empire
Duma
The Russian legislative assembly established in 1906 under Nicholas II
Five Year Plan
A series of centralized economic plans implemented by the Soviet Union
Glasnost
A policy of increased openness and transparency in government and society implemented by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union.
Grand Prince Vladimir of Kiev
A ruler of Kievan Rus who converted to Christianity and played a significant role in the Christianization of the region.
Hemophilia
A genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to form blood clots
Ivan the Great
Also known as Ivan III
Ivan the Terrible
Also known as Ivan IV
Josef Stalin
The leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953
Kievan Rus
A medieval federation of East Slavic tribes and city-states that emerged in the 9th century and laid the foundation for the future Russian state.
Lenin's promise "Land
Peace
Mikhail Gorbachev
The last leader of the Soviet Union who implemented reforms such as glasnost and perestroika
NEP (New Economic Plan)
An economic policy introduced by Lenin in 1921 to rebuild the Soviet economy
Nicholas II
The last Tsar of Russia who abdicated in 1917
Nikita Khrushchev
The leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964
Oprichniki
Ivan the Terrible's personal guard and secret police force
Perestroika
A policy of political and economic restructuring implemented by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in the 1980s.
Peter the Great
The Russian Tsar who modernized Russia and expanded its territory
Purge
The removal
Rasputin
A Russian mystic and advisor to the Romanov family
Russian Orthodox Church
The dominant religious institution in Russia
Serfs
Unfree agricultural laborers who were bound to the land and under the control of noble landowners in feudal societies.
Siberia
A vast region in Russia
Socialists
Advocates of a political and economic system characterized by collective ownership and democratic control of the means of production.
Steppe
A vast
Taiga
The world's largest biome
Tribute
Payment
Tundra
A cold
Vladimir Lenin
The leader of the Bolshevik Party and the first head of the Soviet Union
War communism
A policy implemented during the Russian Civil War
1948 War
Also known as the Arab-Israeli War or the War of Independence
1967 War/Six-Day War
A brief but decisive conflict between Israel and the neighboring Arab states of Egypt
Abbasids
The Abbasid dynasty was the second Islamic caliphate (750-1258 CE) that succeeded the Umayyads. They moved the capital to Baghdad and played a significant role in promoting Islamic culture and knowledge.
Abu Bakr
The first caliph of Islam
Ahl al-dhimma
Refers to the non-Muslim subjects living under Islamic rule who were granted protection and certain rights in exchange for paying a poll tax (jizya).
Ali
Ali ibn Abi Talib was a cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad. He is revered by Shia Muslims as the first Imam and the rightful successor to the caliphate.
Arab revolt of 1936-1939
A widespread uprising by Palestinians against British rule and Jewish immigration in Mandatory Palestine during the years 1936-1939.
Balfour Declaration
A statement issued by the British government in 1917 expressing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.
Caliph
The political and religious successor to the Prophet Muhammad
Camp David Accords
A peace agreement signed in 1978 between Egypt and Israel
Crusaders
Christian armies from Western Europe who conducted a series of military campaigns
Cuneiform
One of the earliest systems of writing
Desalination
The process of removing salt and other impurities from seawater to produce freshwater suitable for human consumption and irrigation.
Five Pillars of faith
The fundamental religious obligations of Islam
Had crime
In Islamic law
Hadith
The sayings
Hajj
The annual pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia
Hejira
The migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE
Imam
In Shia Islam
Intifada
Refers to two Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation in the late 20th century. The First Intifada took place from 1987 to 1993
Intifada II (or Intifada 2000)
The Second Intifada
Kaaba
A sacred building located in the center of the Great Mosque of Mecca
Khadija
The first wife of the Prophet Muhammad and one of the earliest converts to Islam.
Koran
The holy book of Islam
Mandate
A system of governance established by the League of Nations in the aftermath of World War I
Mawali
Non-Arab Muslims who converted to Islam and were granted full rights within the Muslim community.
Mosque
A place of worship for Muslims
Ottomans
Refers to the Ottoman Empire
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)
A political organization representing Palestinians
Qesas crime
In Islamic law
Qudi
A Jewish legal scholar and judge responsible for interpreting and applying Jewish law.
Rabbi
A Jewish scholar or teacher who is qualified to interpret and teach Jewish law and scripture.
Ramadan
The ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar
Safavids
A Persian dynasty that ruled Iran from the 16th to the 18th century
Salat
The ritual prayer performed by Muslims
Satrap
A provincial governor in the ancient Persian Empire.
Sawn
The observance of fasting during the month of Ramadan.
Seljuks
A Turkic dynasty that ruled over a vast empire
Shahada
The Islamic declaration of faith
Sharia
Islamic law
Shia
One of the two main branches of Islam
Suez Canal Crisis
A political and military conflict that occurred in 1956 when Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal
Suleiman the Magnificent
The tenth sultan of the Ottoman Empire who ruled from 1520 to 1566
Sunni
The largest branch of Islam
Tazir crime
In Islamic law
Temple/Synagogue
A place of worship for Jews
TeNaKh
An acronym for the Hebrew Bible
Theocracy
A form of government in which religious leaders hold the highest authority
Umayyads
The first Islamic caliphate (661-750 CE) following the death of Ali
UN Partition plan of Palestine
A United Nations resolution passed in 1947 that recommended the partition of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.
Urban II
Pope Urban II
Yom Kippur War (1973 War)
A conflict between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria
Zakat
The giving of alms or charitable donations
Ziggurat
A type of monumental stepped tower built by ancient Mesopotamian civilizations as a temple or religious structure.
Zionism
A political movement that emerged in the late 19th century
Zoroastrianism
An ancient Persian religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster
Andes
The Andes is the longest mountain range in the world
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
A prominent Mexican politician and military leader who served as president of Mexico multiple times during the 19th century. Santa Anna played a central role in the Mexican War of Independence
Aristocracy
A social class consisting of individuals who hold inherited or acquired noble titles and privileges. Aristocrats typically possess wealth
Atahualpa
The last Inca emperor of the Inca Empire
Bartolomé de las Casas
A Spanish Dominican friar
Caudillo
A military or political leader who exercises authoritarian power and often emerges as a strongman or dictator in Spanish-speaking countries. Caudillos typically rely on personal charisma
Columbian Exchange
The widespread exchange of plants
Conquistador
A term used to describe the Spanish and Portuguese soldiers
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