Ch 1: Introduction to Anatomy (copy)

What is the term used to describe the study of the structural basis of body function?

Anatomy

What is the term used to describe the study of the functional relevance of a structure?

Physiology

What is the term used to describe the functional reasons behind the structure?

Functional morphology

Which type of anatomical science are we focused on?

Systemic anatomy

What type of anatomical science breaks the body up into body systems?

Systemic anatomy

What is the microscopic analysis of diseased tissue called?

Histopathology

What is the study of the structure and function of individual cells called?

Cytology

What method of study looks at surface appearance?

Inspection

What method of study feels a structure?

Palpation

What method of study listens to normal sounds?

Auscultation

What method of study taps and listens?

Percussion

What method of study cuts and separates tissues?

Dissection

What is the branch of medicine concerned with imaging?

Radiology

What two things can radiology be?

Invasive and non-invasive

What type of radiology inserts into the body?

Invasive

What type of radiology does not penetrate the body?

Non-invasive

What type of radiology is used for visualizing hollow organs and blood vessels?

Radiography

Name a type of radiography.

X-ray

What type of radiography is used for visualizing hollow organs?

Contrast medium

What type of radiography is used for looking at blood vessels?

Angiography

What type of radiology uses cross-section X-rays, is good at looking at bones, and is fast?

CT scan

What does CT stand for?

Computed tomography

What is the modified CT scanner that produces 3D video images to show motion and volume changes?

Dynamic spatial reconstructor

What type of radiology visualizes soft tissue, is slower, and is not great if you have metal in your body?

MRI

What does MRI stand for?

Magnetic resonance imaging

What type of MRI uses functional moment-to-moment changes?

fMRI

What type of radiology uses gamma ray detection and nuclear medicine to look for cancer and infection?

PET scan

What does PET stand for?

Positron emission tomography

What type of radiology uses reflection of ultrasound waves?

Sonography

What type of sonography is used for obstetrics?

Sonogram

What type of sonography is used for the beating heart?

Echocardiography

What term describes normal arrangement of organs?

Situs solitus

What term describes reversed position of organs?

Situs inversus

What term describes one organ atypically positioned?

Situs perversus

Name the 8 levels of human structure.

Organism, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, and atoms

What anatomical plane describes right/left portions?

Sagittal

What anatomical plane describes equal halves?

Medial

What anatomical plain describes unequal portions?

Parasagittal

What anatomical plane describes anterior/posterior portions?

Frontal (coronal) plane

What anatomical plane describes superior/inferior portions?

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Why are directional terms so important?

Communication

What term describes toward the front of the body?

Anterior

What term describes toward the back of the body?

Posterior

What term describes toward the anterior side?

Ventral

What term describes toward the posterior side?

Dorsal

What term describes above?

Superior

What term describes below?

Inferior

What term describes toward the forehead or nose?

Rostral

What term describes toward the tail or inferior end

Caudal

What term describes toward the midline of the body?

Medial

What term describes away from the midline of body?

Lateral

What term describes closer to the point of attachment or origin (extremities)?

Proximal

What term describes farther from the point of attachment or origin (extremities)?

Distal

What term describes on the same side of the body (right/left)?

Ipsilateral

What term describes on opposite sides of the body (right/left)?

Contralateral

What term describes closer to the body surface?

Superficial

What term describes farther from the body surface?

Deep

What body region is along the midline attached to the trunk and contains the head, neck, and trunk?

Axial region

What two regions make up the trunk?

Abdominal and thoracic

What two ways can the abdominal region be split up?

Four quadrants or nine regions

What major body region makes up the extremities?

Appendicular region

What body part does the brachial region describe?

Arm

What body part does the antebrachial region describe?

Forearm

What body part does the carpal region describe?

Wrist

What body part does the manual region describe?

Hand

What body part does the digits describe?

Fingers/toes

What body part does the femoral region describe?

Thigh

What body part does the crural region describe?

Leg

What body part does the tarsal region describe?

Ankle

What body part does the pedal region describe?

Foot

Name the quadrant in green.

Right upper quadrant

Name the quadrant in yellow.

Left upper quadrant

Name the quadrant in pink.

Right lower quadrant

Name the quadrant in blue.

Left lower quadrant

Name the region in green.

Hypochondriac region

Name the region in yellow.

Epigastric region

Name the region in pink.

Umbilical region

Name the region in blue.

Lumbar region

Name the region in gray.

Inguinal region

Name the region in orange.

Hypogastric region

What cavity is enclosed by braincase and contains the brain?

Cranial cavity

What cavity is enclosed by backbone and contains spinal cord?

Vertebral cavity

What cavity is in blue?

Thoracic cavity

What cavity is in pink?

Abdominal cavity

What cavity is in yellow?

Pelvic cavity

Which cavity is in blue?

Pleural cavity

What cavity is in purple?

Pericardial cavity

What is the term used to describe the middle arrow?

Mediastinum

What cavity contains most of the digestive organs and the spleen, kidneys, and ureters?

Abdominal cavity

What cavity contains the distal large intestine, urinary bladder, urethra, and reproductive organs?

Pelvic cavity

Name the region: head

Cephalic

Name the region: Face

Facial

Name the region: Neck

Cervical

Name the region: Center of chest (sternum)

Sternal

Name the region: Chest

Pectoral

Name the region: Thigh

Femoral

Name the region: Leg

Crural

Name the region: Ankle

Tarsal

Name the region: Foot

Pedal

Name the region: Sole

Plantar surface