Mid term #1 Study Guide

Gross Anatomy

Study of the structure of the body and its parts.

Surface Anatomy

Study of the external features of the body.

Regional Anatomy

Study of specific regions of the body.

Systemic Anatomy

Study of the body's organ systems.

Axillary

Relating to the armpit region.

Brachial

Relating to the arm.

Antebrachial

Relating to the forearm.

Thoracic

Relating to the chest.

Abdominal

Relating to the abdomen.

Pelvic

Relating to the pelvis.

Femoral

Relating to the thigh.

Patellar

Relating to the kneecap.

Dorsal

Relating to the back.

Lumbar

Relating to the lower back.

Gluteus

Relating to the buttocks.

Popliteus

Relating to the back of the knee.

Superior

Above or higher in position.

Inferior

Below or lower in position.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Posterior

Toward the back of the body.

Anterior

Toward the front of the body.

Superficial

Near the surface of the body.

Deep

Away from the surface of the body.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment.

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment.

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right parts.

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline.

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between body parts.

Extension

Increasing the angle between body parts.

Circumduction

Circular movement of a limb.

Supination

Rotating the forearm so the palm faces up.

Pronation

Rotating the forearm so the palm faces down.

Dorsiflexion

Flexing the foot upward.

Plantar Flexion

Pointing the toes downward.

Opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips.

Retraction

Moving a body part backward.

Protraction

Moving a body part forward.

Depression

Lowering a body part.

Elevation

Raising a body part.

Number of Bones in the Body

206 bones.

What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

What is the insertion for the levator scapulae

medial border of scapula

What is the action of the levator scapulae

elevates scapula

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

ribs 3-5

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

coracoid process of the scapula

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

depresses and protracts shoulder

What is the origin of the rhomboid major?

spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?

medial border of the scapula

What is the action of the rhomboid major?

retracts scapula

What is the origin of serratus anterior?

ribs

What is the insertion of serratus anterior?

medial border of the scapula

What is the action of serratus anterior?

protracts scapula

What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

Occipital bone; spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

What is the insertion of the trapezius muscle?

Clavicle and scapula

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

Elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula

What is the origin of coracobrachialis?

coracoid process of the scapula

What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?

Humerus (medial mid-shaft)

What is the action of coracobrachialis?

adduction and flexion at shoulder

What is the origin of the deltoid?

clavicle; spine and acromion of scapula

What is the insertion of the Deltoid?

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

What is the action of the Deltoid?

abducts arm; anterior fibers flex & medially rotate the arm; posterior fibers extend & laterally rotate the arm

What is the origin of supraspinatus?

supraspinous fossa

What is the insertion of supraspinatus?

greater tubercle of the humerus

What is the action of supraspinatus?

abducts the arm (initiates abduction)

What is the origin of infraspinatus?

infraspinous fossa of scapula

What is the insertion of infraspinatus?

greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of infraspinatus?

lateral rotation of humerus at shoulder

What is the origin of subscapularis?

subscapular fossa of scapula

What is the insertion of the subscapularis?

lesser tubercle of the humerus

What is the action of the subscapularis?

medially rotates the arm; assists extension of the arm

What is the origin of teres major?

lateral border of scapula

What is the insertion of teres major?

intertubercular groove of humerus

What is the action of teres major?

extends the arm and rotates the arm medially

What is the origin of teres minor?

lateral border of scapula

What is the insertion of teres minor?

greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of teres minor?

rotation and adduction of humerus at shoulder

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

spinous process of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; iliac crest

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

rotation and adduction of humerus at shoulder

What is the origin of Pectoralis Major?

clavicle and sternum

What is the insertion of pectoralis major?

greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of pectoralis major?

flexes and adducts the arm, medially rotates arm

What is the origin of biceps brachii?

coracoid process of the scapula

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

radial tuberosity of radius

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

flexes the forearm, flexes arm (long head), supinates

What is the origin of the brachialis?

humerus

What is the insertion of the brachialis?

coronoid process of the ulna

What is the action of the brachialis?

flexes the forearm

What is the origin of the brachioradialis?

lateral epicondyle of humerus

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

styloid process of radius

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

flexes the elbow, assists in pronation & supination

What is the origin of the triceps brachii?

humerus; infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii?

olecranon process of the ulna

What is the action of the triceps brachii?

extends the forearm; the long head extends and adducts arm

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna

What is the insertion of the pronator teres?

olecrannon process of the ulna