Arthropods Exam 2

What animal has the highest biomass in the animal kingdom?

Anthropods

Are arthropods one of the most abundant animals on the planet?

Yes

Are anthropods diverse?

YES very

What is a feature of arthropods anatomy that contributed to their success?

Exoskeleton around body.

What functions do an exoskeleton aid in?

Support walking, protection, water proofs(with chitin)

What is the distant relative of arthropods, that has unjointed appendages?

Tardigrades(water bears) small, very resilient, survive in space.

What was the original name for waterbears?

Kleiner Waserbar

How did Jointed appendages help with the success of arthropods?

They had more function, and permit specialization for different functions.

What are mouth parts of arthropods that are non chewing, and what group are they part of?

Chelicerae, for grasping rather then chewing, example of appendage specialization. Part of chelicerates.

What are the 3 major claids of Chelicerates?

Sea spiders, Horsechoes, Arachnids

Did arachnids develop better or worse vision?

Better, for hunting, allows elaborate mating displays

Do other arthropods produce silk?

Yes

examples of jointed appendages?

Mandibles, antennae

What are some common Myriapods?

Centripedes, Millipedes

What are some Myriapod features?

long segmented trunk, Predators, and detritiviores

Did some Arthropods used to be big?

Yes the largest was 2meters, called arthropleura about 300MYA

What are very dominant marine arthropods?

Crustations

What are some common crustations?

Shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs, isopods, even barnacles

What appendages do crustaceans have?

5 Pairs of appendages, majorly for sensory

Are Insects more common on land or marine?

Most common Arthropods on land, very few in marine

How many of the known species are made up of insects?

More than half of all the known species.

What does the thorax usually contain in insects?

Pair of wings

What makes up the gas exchange system in insects?

Spiracles meet up to the outside world, and tracheae carry inside the body and meet trachole

Is the thorax or the Abdomen closer to the head?

The Thorax

What were some reasons that insects developed the ability to fly?

Add diverse food sources, allow for migration, evading harsh conditions

Are insects key pollinators?

Yes

What is another name for complete development for insects?

Holometabolous

What is another name for incomplete development?

Hemimetabolous

Compare and contrast complete vs incomplete insect development.

Complete change shape, while incomplete only grow

Can species change location while undergoing development?

Yes, dragonflies from the water, exit and grow out of land, may come back.

Are terrestrial insects a part of the marine ecosystem?

Yes they can fall in

Can insects change the physical environment?

Yes its called terriforming, ex termites the savana

What insects were the first to develop brains?

Protosomes

What major trait do protostomes possess?

An anterior brain that surrounds the digestive tract. They are some of the first to develop brains.

What are the 4 groups of protostomes?

Bryozoans, flatworms, annelids, and mollusks

Are bryozoans mostly a colonial and marine species?

Yes

What’s an advantage of being colonial?

Improved feeding efficiency.

What physical characteristics do protosomes like flatworms have?

Dorsoventrally flattened body plan. Cells are located close to the surface, which fits within the body plan.

In what way does a flatworm transport oxygen into their internal tissues?

Their cells make up the surface, so they are able to perform gas exchanges that they require.

Annelids are segmented inside and out? T or F

T

What does segmentation do for annelids?

Allows different parts to move independently

Annelids like earthworms move the Earth’s surface, what famous scientist studied them and what method did he use?

Charles Darwin, worm stone

What are mollusks?

A diverse group of invertebrates with soft unsegmented bodys, often protected by a hardshell. They are under the segment of Protosomes

Q: What is the “mantle" in a mollusk?

A: The mantle covers the visceral mass of the organism and helps produce the hard shell through a process known as biomineralization.

What is the “foot” in a mollusk?

A muscular structure that originally was both an organ for locomotion and support for internal organs.

What is the” FOOT” in squids and octopuses? Mollusks cont.

A: In squids and octopuses the foot has been modified to form arms and tentacles borne on to a head with complex sensory organs.

Q: What is the “visceral mass” of a mollusk

A: The heart and digestive, excretory and reproductive organs concentrated and centralized. Basically all the organs within the mollusk would be the “visceral mass”

Q: What is the “Mantel” in mollusks?

A: The fold of tissue that covers the organs. The mantle secretes a hard calcium based shell typical of mollusks. Again the process of biomineralization happens here in the mantel. It is responsible for creating the shell.

Q: Can octopuses smell with tentacles?

A: Yes they can through a process of chemotactile sensation

Q: What is molting in Ecdysozans?

A: Removing the outermost layer that DOES NOT GROW by shedding it through a length process

Q: What is the cuticle in arthropods?

A: The cuticle is a multi layered outer coating found on many insects that is responsible for forming the exo-skeleton. It is the hard outer layer that protects the organism. The organism must molt this in order to grow! This last sentence applies to Ecdysozoans!!!!

Q: What does the horsehair worm do?

A: parasitize like fungus altering the behavior of hosts MIND CONTROL!

Q: Fungus affect ants through what process to reproduce?

A: MIND CONTROL