Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life (My Notes: P2)
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34 Terms
exergonic reactions
release energy stored in reactants, produces more energy than AE
endergonic reactions
absorb energy, uses more energy than it produces
enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions and lower what?
lower the activation energy (AE)
enzyme
a protein that speeds up chemical reactions and lowers the activation energy
substrate
the molecule an enzyme binds to that turns into a product
activation energy
energy needed to start a chemical reaction
properties of water (an inorganic compound)
high heat capacity, high heat vaporization, cushioning, reactivity, universal solvent, forms hydrogen bonds
ionic compounds dissolve in water to form what?
electrolytes/salts
acids/bases
compounds that react to release or absorb H+ ions
acid
release H+, sour taste, HCl
bases
absorb H+, release OH-, bitter taste, NaOH, HCO3-
pH scale
measures amount of H+/OH- in a solution
neutral pH
7
most acidic pH
0
most basic/alkaline pH
14
ideal blood pH
7.35-7.45 (slightly basic)
what makes up a neutral salt in water?
strong acid + strong base
buffer
resist drastic changes in pH
made up of a weak acid (releases H) and weak base (binds H) to stabilize pH
Why can weak acids and bases react to changing conditions?
they do not fully ionize (+ / -)