Bio Lab Questions

A

Which of the following is true in regard to the control group for an experiment:
A) it is when the independent variable is held at 0 or an established level
B) it is when the dependent variable is held at 0 or an established level
C) it is an independent variable that is kept constant, as to not affect the results of the experiment

A

All of the following questions can be answered scientifically except:
a) can the environment in which a person is raised cause them to behave immorally?
b) can prolonged exposure to sunlight cause skin cancer?
c) do boys in coed classes develop better verbal skills than boys in all-male classes?

A

Which of the following is true in regard to tables:
a) the units of measurement should be included in the heading
b) when referring to a table in text it is okay to write "see results in table 3"
c) the title should be placed below the table
d) all values of the same kind should read across a row

false

true or false - if the results of the experiment match the prediction, then the hypothesis is supported

prokaryotic

what type of organism lacks membrane-bound organelles?

iris diaphragm

In the light microscope, the _____ controls the width of light passing through the specimen

B

All of the following are true in regard to stereoscopic microscopes except?
a)Objects can be seen in three dimensions

b)they cannot be used to view objects too thick to transmit light

c)They can be used to view larger objects than a standard compound light microscope

d)Specimens can be viewed without a cover slip

true

True or false: In colonial algae, somatic cells are cells that are not reproductive

true

True or false: If the somatic cells (referred to in the previous question) are isolated from the colony, they can become reproductive.

B

With respect to microscope lenses, parfocal means?
A. that the lenses should be cleaned with lens paper to prevent a blurred or foggy image.

B. that little focusing is required when moving from one lens to another.

C. that the microscopes have a minimum of two magnifying lenses.

D. that you can focus the light from the lamp using the condenser.

D

Which cellular features differentiate plants from animals?
a) chloroplast
b) cell wall
c) large central vacuole
d) all of the above

D

Which order illustrates the evolutionary trend of organisms from less to more complex?
a)aggregate -> single celled -> simple colonial -> complex colonial -> multicellular

b)single celled -> simple colonial -> aggregate -> complex colonial -> multicellular

c)single celled -> aggregate -> simple colonial -> multicellular -> complex colonial

d)single celled -> aggregate -> simple colonial -> complex colonial -> multicellular

colonial

Pleodorina is an aquatic green alga that is common in ponds, lakes, and roadside ditches. This organism is made up of 32 to 128 cells that are embedded in a gel-like matrix. In mature colonies, two types of cells can be distinguished: small somatic cells and larger reproductive cells that divide to form new colonies. Somatic cells carry on photosynthesis, but may become reproductive if isolated from the colony. How should pleodorina be classified?


Colonial

Single celled

Multicellular

Aggregate

true

true or false - all organisms we observed using microscopes were eukaryotic for week 4

benedict's test

Which test indicates the presence of a reducing sugar by changing from blue to green/orange/orange-red when heated. :
Cooper-Nowitzki test

Iodine test

Osmolarity test

Benedict's test

C

The cells of an elodea leaf become turgid when placed in a hypotonic solution. Why?

a)The cells have a lower solute concentration than their surroundings. Water moves out of the cell and the protoplast shrinks away from the cell wall.

b)The cells' stomata open and water is able to move freely between the cells and their surroundings.

c)The cells have a higher solute concentration than their surroundings. Water is drawn into the cell and the protoplast presses on the cell wall.

d)The cells are isotonic to their surroundings, with no net movement of water in or out.

glucose and starch solution

Which of the following will be placed inside the dialysis tubing?
water, 2k solution or glucose and starch solution

crenate

What is the appropriate term given to red blood cells placed into a hypertonic solution?
Biconcave

Lysis

Plasmolysis

Crenate

middle

When we complete Diffusion and Osmosis Experiment 3, Exericse A (the potato osmolarity experiment), where on the Y-axis would we place zero for our results graph?
- the middle or top?

substrate

Catechol is a substance best categorized as ?

substrate

enzyme

product

inhibitor

reaction time, y-axis

In Exercise 3, Experiment A, (starting on page 92) we observed the influence of enzyme concentration on the rate of starch digestion. What was the dependent variable in this experiment? When constructing a graph, what is the appropriate axis for the dependent variable?

last to ensure proper reaction

Was PTU added last or first to the test tubes? and why?

penicillin is an enzyme inhibitor

Penicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan, an important part of the cell wall of bacteria. This causes the cell wall to break down, and the bacteria to burst. Using your knowledge from laboratory, which of the following do you think is TRUE:
Penicillin is an enzyme

Penicillin is an enzyme inhibitor

Peptidoglycan is an enzyme

Peptidoglycan is the reactant

no

from our experiments can enzymes be denatured on ice?

oxygen

What product of photosynthesis will we be using to measure photosynthesis rates in the spinach leaf disks?

red, green, blue

What three wavelengths of light (colors) will we be filtering to test for the effects on photosynthesis rates?

c

What is the purpose of sucking the spinach leaf disks using a large plastic syringe?
a.To remove all chlorophyll from the leaves.

b.To remove all CO2 from the leaves.

c.To remove all O2 from the leaves.

d.To remove all stored glucose from the leaves.

by counting the number of floating disks

How will we be measuring oxygen production in the spinach leaf disks?

b

What three independent variables will we be manipulating in order to explore their effects on photosynthesis?
a.Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and light

b.Carbon dioxide, light intensity and light wavelength

c.Light wavelength, light intensity, and oxygen

d.None of the above

sugar and oxygen

what are the products of photosynthesis

oxygen

Which was not an independent variable we looked at when measuring photosynthesis?

blue

Assuming the experiment worked as expected, which wavelengths of light showed the greatest oxygen production?

NaHCO3

What chemical was left out of solution for the 'No CO2' treatment?

oxygen

naco2

nahco3

high CO2, high light

Given the results of your experiment, under what conditions would spinach in your garden grow the best?

gibberellic acid

We will be observing the effects of which plant hormones on Solanum lycopersicum?

overheating could stress and injure

Why would it be wise to observe the Daphnia under lower light intensity?

false they should be placed in ringers solution

True or False? In between each drug, the Daphnia will be allowed a 2 minute recovery period in distilled water.

true

True or False? When placing the apples and holly twigs underneath the 1L beakers, it is important that the beaker lips are covered with sand so that no gas can enter or escape the beakers.

ethylene

Which of the following plant hormones causes leaf abscission?

repeat baseline heartrate with new daphnia

Assume that while conducting the Daphnia experiment you mistakenly overdose the organism with a given drug. As a result the Daphnia dies. What is the best practice when you start collecting data with a new Daphnia?

allow daphnia to recover

What was the significance of returning the Daphnia to Ringers solution between treatments?

b

What was the purpose of the 'lanolin' treatment in the experiment using the tomato plants?
A. Lanolin is a plant hormone that causes no changes in development.
B. Lanolin was a vehicle that was used to deliver auxin and gibberelin to the experimental plants, and had to be used on the control plants.
C. Lanolin was used to counteract the effects of auxin.
D. There was no need for the lanolin only treatment.

false

true or false Hormones, whether in plants or animals, always travel to their targets via circulating fluids.

A

Which of the following best represents how cells progress through the M phase of the cell cycle?

A.
Prophase; Prometaphase; Metaphase; Anaphase; Telophase; Cytokinesis

B.
Prometaphase; Metaphase; Prophase; Anaphase; Telophase; Cytokinesis

C.
Metaphase; Anaphase; Telophase; Cytokinesis; Prophase; Prometaphase

D.
Anaphase; Telophase; Cytokinesis; Prophase; Prometaphase; Metaphas

metaphase

During which phase of the cell cycle do the sister chromatids align at the equator of the cell?

genetic variation

What advantage does the process of crossing over bring to reproduction?

meiosis

_____ is best described as one round of replication and two rounds of cell division

telomere length

The sheep “Dolly” was the first mammal cloned by transplanting a nucleus from a cell in an adult sheep into an egg of a donor sheep. Dolly appeared to grow normally for several years, but at age 6, she developed complications from several physical conditions normally only seen in older sheep. Although, there are many hypotheses about the reason Dolly suffered from traditionally old-age, one hypothesis seems to fit better than the others. Dolly’s physical condition was likely due to issues associated with:

cytokinesis

which mitotic phase looks like it is being split in half and a cleavage furrow is forming?

d

All of the following are true regarding mitosis, EXCEPT:
a.During interphase, the cell performs its specific functions

b.Metaphase ends when the centromere splits

c.Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles during anaphase

d.In plant cells, the cleavage furrow divides the cytoplasm during cytokinesis

e.Each daughter cell will have a pair of each homologous chromosome

s phase

during which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes replicated?

8

If the parent cell is 2n=16, when the homologous pairs form a synapsis during prophase I, there will be ____ tetrad complexes

mitosis

While cooking ramen noodles, you burn your finger on the stove. What process is involved to regenerate the skin cells on your fingertip?

mitosis or meiosis?

transduction

What is the term for the procedure where foreign DNA is inserted into a bacterial cell.

nothing

what is being added to the -plasmid tube in our e.coli lab?

green fluorescent protein

What is the name of protein that the pGLO plasmid codes for?

LB/amp - plasmid

In the E. coli transformation experiment, which plate will serve as the negative control?

heat resistance

The pGLO plasmid has been genetically engineered to include genes for all of the following traits EXCEPT:
Antibiotic resistance

A glowing appearance under UV light

An arabinose promoter to switch on the fluorescent protein

Heat resistance

a

Which of the following steps in the procedure was specifically performed to promote the uptake of the plasmid by the E. coli?
a.Using a solution containing Calcium Chloride

b.Placing the tubes on ice

c.Using plates with Luria Broth

d.Vigorously shaking the tubes

no growth

What did we expect to see on the plate with LB and ampicillin when we plated the non-transformed bacteria on it?

uptake and propagation of pGLO plasmid in e.coli cytosol in order to confer ampicillin resistance

In the E. coli transformation exercise, what did we hope to accomplish?

d

Why did the LB/Amp (-) plasmid plate serve as a negative control?
A) To ensure that the untransformed E. coli are ampicillin sensitive.

B) To ensure that the ampicillin is effective.

C) To ensure that the E. coli are alive following the heat shock procedure

D)A & B

uracil

RNA contains ____ instead of thymine

double, single

DNA is _____stranded and RNA is ______stranded

antiparallel

One strand of DNA runs in a 5" to 3" direction, while the other strand runs 3" to 5". The term used to describe this phenomenon is _____?

true

True or False? In both DNA replication and transcription of mRNA, the newly formed nucleotide strand is always synthesized in the 5" to 3" direction.

false

true or false - DNA is required for translation to occur

James Watson and Francis Crick

Who is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?

an "x"

Rosalind Franklin’s photo 51 was critical X-ray crystallography data for the discovery of the double helix. What did photo 51 show?

sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases

What three things does DNA contain?

Chargaff

He figured out that DNA contains equal numbers of adenine and thymine as well as equal bases of guanine and cytosine

13

how many species of finches exist on the Galapagos Islands?

valley of fire

the Pocket Mice studied in the video that we will watch are found where?

false

true or false: there is no test for lactose tolerance

red blood cell shape

what does sickle cell anemia affect?

crescent

What kind of shape does sickle cell anemia form in the blood cells?

cormorant, finches, frigate bird

What three birds are discussed in the galapagos islands video?

(p +q)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =1

What is the equation for hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

frequencies of two alleles in population

What do p and q represent in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium expression?

frequencies of three phenotypes in a population

What do p2, q2, and 2pq represent in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium expression?

large population, no mutation, no genetic drift, random mating, no selection

What are the 5 requirements for a population to be at hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

no

Will evolution occur is a population is in perfect hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

an allele

in our evolution experiment, we worked with beads to represent populations. What did each individual bead represent?

genetic fixation

If has ________ occurred in a population, then all individuals within the population have the same allele for the gene in question.

founder effect

20 rats aboard a cargo ship are introduced to an island that previously had no rats. The rats aboard this ship have a very different allelic composition than the totality of the rats on the mainland. This is an example of...

bottleneck effect

An earthquake kills 95% of the cattle on a small island. This is an example of...

gene flow and natural selection

What two evolutionary mechanisms can cause a population to deviate from hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

to identify and characterize questions through scientific investigation (hypothesis, independent and dependent variables) and compare cardiovascular fitness

In our scientific investigation lab what is the general goal?

is cardiovascular fitness greater in athletes than non-athletes?

In our scientific investigation lab what was the question chosen by the class to evaluate?

heart rate and fitness index

What are the two dependent variables in the fitness index step test?

athlete

What is the independent variable in the fitness index step test?

B,C,D

Which of the following questions do you think can be answered scientifically? :
a) Are domesticated dogs as smart as wolves?
b) will drinking milk from arthritic goats reduce HIV levels in infected individuals?
c) do urban honey bees prefer processed sugar over flower nectar?
d) how effective are marigold and rosemary as insect repellents?
e) should governments prohibit distribution of GM food during severe famine?

A,D

Which ones would be useful as scientific hypotheses and could be investigated during scientific procedures? :
a) A high-fat diet in pregnant women may increase chances of ADHD in offspring
b) living on a farm protects children from developing asthma and hay-fever
c) the y chromosome in modern humans is the same as the Y chromosome in neanderthals
d) genetically modified foods have caused an increase in gluten intolerance
e) "snake oil" from pythons can be used to build heart muscle

time of vaccine

Identify the independent variable in this investigation: Scientists inject 50 people with an experimental vaccine immediately after exposure to Ebola and 50 different people after 21-day delay. The number of people who contract Ebola are counted.

Identify dependent variable:
Scientists inject 50 people with an experimental vaccine immediately after exposure to Ebola and 50 different people after 21-day delay. The number of people who contract Ebola are counted.

to identify the parts of compound and stereoscopic microscopes and distinguish the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms

What is the general goal of the microscope and cells lab?

elodea

What organism is this?

amoeba

What organism is this?

pond water

When using the microscope what was the unknown that we observed under said microscope?

to describe diffusion molecularly and the different roles of the membrane in several diffusion mechanisms

What is the general goal of the diffusion and osmosis lab?