mini unit 11 word bank

state pensions

Otto von Bismarck requires the state to provide worker pensions (regular payment made during a person’s retirement from an investment fund). In Great Britain, the British Labor Party also achieves state pensions.

legalization of unions

New liberal reform policies advocated for the legalization of unions and strikes. Napoleon III will legalized unions to placate socialists

accident insurance

Otto von Bismarck becomes the first to require employers to provide accident insurance.

metaphysical

Second stage of positivism. Guided by rational and scientific though, proof, and understanding through physical science.

theological

The first stage of positivism. The world is understood through complex ideas and thoughts

positive

The third stage of Positivism. The central ideal of society is individual rights through the development and understanding of social science.

wood-block print

Due to cultural relativism, Europeans incorporated foreign styles into their artwork, such as Japanese wood block printing (Van Gogh)

Chinoiserie

Cultural relativism incorporated East Asian styles, known as chinoiserie, into their art forms.

Social Democratic Party

Comprised of working class ‘socialists’ who fought for the well-being and safety of the working class. Their efforts forced Otto von Bismarck to pass accident insurance and worker pensions.

Labour Party

In Great Britain, the efforts of the British Labour Party were responsible for state pension and unemployment insurance.

Flora Tristan

Believed the working class and women were connected in their oppression by society. She was a Feminist writer who admired unions for striving for worker rights and reforms.

Olympe de Gouges

Wrote the Declaration of the Right of Woman and of the Female Citizen during the French Revolution.

Enlightenment universalism

That all humans are born the same and equal despite appearance

status/Christian morality

Universalism rejected the idea of cultural or religious superiority

Culture relativism

The idea that all cultures should be understood and evaluated in their own contexts without judgement

Temperance Movement

The new liberals began to advocate for state intervention to combat alcoholism and domestic violence.

Positivism

Coined by Auguste Comte, positivism rejected inquiries, and advocated for the scientific approach to studying society. Other believed westerners were on the verge of figuring out all of the universal laws that governed the world.

Mutual aid societies

New liberals began to support mutual aid societies, in which workers would pool money together to help one another during unemployment, sickness, or injuries

Dry countries

Counties that eliminated alcohol sales on Sundays

Historicist

A viewpoint that emphasizes history as the key to understanding human society, culture, or prophecy.

Unions

New liberals advocated for the legalization of unions and strikes.

Otto Von Bismarck

King of Germany and user of realpolitik diplomatic approach. He maintained the monarchy, united German provinces, established a small representative assembly (Reichstag-Parlimant), pursued protectionism, and legalized accident insurance.

Count Cavour

King of Italy. He maintained the monarchy, created a constitution, united Italy.

Napoleon III

King of France. He maintained the monarchy, expanded the powers of the National Assembly, legalized strikes, and expanded French borders.

Friedrich List

Advocated for protectionism —> National System model.

John Stuart Mill

A socialist who advocated for classical liberalism and advancing utilitarianism.

The Origin of Species

Written by Darwin, it was applied abstractly to human beings and civilizations to justify the mistreatment of non-Europeans.

Social Darwinism

The domination of non-Europeans was justified by scientific universal laws.

Evolution

The Origin of Species provided a biological explanation for the evolution of species.

The Reichstag

German Parliment reinstated by Otto von Bismarck

The National Assembly

Napoleon III will increase their power during his rule

Tarriff Act of 1879

Following Lists protectionism policy, Germany enacts the Tariff Act of 1879 to protect domestic grain farmers

Protectionism

Protecting domestic industries from foreign competitors through protective tariffs

Panic of 1873

Caused by the Austrian stock market crash, it began to cause liberals to reconsider free-trade for protectionism

Seneca Falls Gathering

The first organized women’s rights convention. it sparked the organized movement for women’s sufferage.

A Vindication of Women’s Rights

By Mary Wollstonecraft, it argued that women are not naturally inferior to men, but are made so by a lack of education.

Women’s Social & Political Union

Headed by the Pankhurst family, they practiced civil disobedience to call for the expansion of women’s suffrage.

The Female Workers of France

female workers in France left agricultural industry labor to factory work while fighting for a political voice.

First-Wave Feminism

The movement for female suffrage that sparked from liberal chartist and socialist worker movements.

Quinine

Protected against tropical disease

Scramble for Africa

Europeans fought for portions of Africa

Opium Wars

Britain and France imposed the sale of opium to economically dominated China

Machine guns

Made fire power far greater

Moroccan Crisis

German naval craft breached French waters in Morocco over a dispute regarding imperial control

Steel steam ships

Provided a clear naval advantage

Berlin Conference

Settled the dispute over Africa and peacefully divided Africa amongst European countries

Suez Canal

Britain constructed the Suez Canal in Egypt and used it as an excuse to slowly envelop all of India by 1850

Stern-post rudder

A steering mechanism attached to the stern post

Erie Canal

Linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic in the US

Belgian Congo

A Belgian colony in central Africa

Spheres of Influence

European domination of specific areas across Asia

Imperialism

Marked by intense colonial expansions and the economic domination of non-European regions

French Indochina

Southeast Asian colony created by France for economic exploitation.

The British Raj

The rule of Britain over the Indian subcontinent