Advancements in Growth Biology

What is using a gene from different species and input into an animal called?

trans genomics

What is introducing an edit in the genome to select a specific trait in one generation called?

gene editing

Can CRISPR Cas9 gene editing be passed down to the next generation?

no

What is the main hurdle to overcome in CRISPR Cas9 gene editing?

identifying the target on genome

What is the order of priority of circulating nutrients during growth?

Brain and CNS->Bone->Muscle->Fat

Does more food=more muscle development?

No, there is a point of maximum muscle growth from daily food intake

What happens to the basal metabolic rate if a growing animal is put on a nutrient restriction and then put back on a regular diet?

the basal metabolic rate will lower so the introduction of normal feed intake goes straight to tissue development

What will happen to the growth period if an animal is put on an extended period of nutritional restriction

the growth period extends

What are the three main nutritional interventions?

production systems

feed additives

functional ingredients

What happens to %fat composition and % protein on a broiler as you increase dietary protein level% ?

%protein on broiler increase and %fat decreases

Why can rumen have lower %protein diets than non-ruminants?

microbes convert other nutrient sources into amino acids through fermentation

How have growth promotants in the animal industry been beneficially to how society that is focused on factors contributing to climate change?

growth promotants have decreased carbon footprint, fertilizer use, water foodprint, land usage, and feed use by more than almost 5% in every category

Which requires less feed to produce? 1 lb of lean protein or 1 lb of fat?

1 lb of protein

Which growth hormone causes an increase in protein composition and a decrease in adipose composition to reduce feed needed for maximum growth?

somatotropin

Which phase of growth is somatotropin used and why?

finishing phase to alter nutrient focus to muscle growth not adipose tissue

What agonist is called a repartitioning agent because it causes the body to take energy stored as fat to support lean muscle growth?

beta-adrenergic agonists

Why are beta-adrenergic agonists not used in the commercial pork industry in the U.S?

Export market has banned the use of beta-adrenergic agonist use